πŸ† Nobel Prize Winners

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Total: 1026 laureates
Year Category Name Birth Location Work Location Work Years Achievement Shared With
2025 Physics John Clarke πŸ“ Cambridge, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 2020-2025 for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit John M. Martinis, Michel H. Devoret
2025 Physics John M. Martinis πŸ“ San Pedro, California πŸ”¬ Santa Barbara, CA, USA 2020-2025 for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret
2025 Physics Michel H. Devoret πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 2020-2025 for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit John Clarke, John M. Martinis
2025 Chemistry Omar M. Yaghi πŸ“ Amman, Jordan πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 2020-2025 for the development of metal–organic frameworks Richard Robson, Susumu Kitagawa
2025 Chemistry Richard Robson πŸ“ Glusburn, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Melbourne, Australia 2020-2025 for the development of metal–organic frameworks Omar M. Yaghi, Susumu Kitagawa
2025 Chemistry Susumu Kitagawa πŸ“ Kyoto, Japan πŸ”¬ Kyoto, Japan 2020-2025 for the development of metal–organic frameworks Omar M. Yaghi, Richard Robson
2025 Physiology or Medicine Frederick J. Ramsdell πŸ“ Elmhurst, IL, USA πŸ”¬ San Francisco, CA, USA 2020-2025 for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance Mary E. Brunkow, Shimon Sakaguchi
2025 Physiology or Medicine Mary E. Brunkow πŸ“ Portland, OR, USA πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 2020-2025 for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance Frederick J. Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi
2025 Physiology or Medicine Shimon Sakaguchi πŸ“ Nagahama, Shiga, Japan πŸ”¬ Osaka, Japan 2020-2025 for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance Frederick J. Ramsdell, Mary E. Brunkow
2025 Literature LΓ‘szlΓ³ Krasznahorkai πŸ“ Gyula, Hungary πŸ”¬ Budapest, Hungary 2020-2025 for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art -
2025 Peace Maria Corina Machado πŸ“ Venezuela πŸ”¬ Caracas, Venezuela 2020-2025 for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy -
2025 Economic Sciences Joel Mokyr πŸ“ Leiden, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Evanston, IL, USA 2020-2025 for having identified the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress Peter Howitt, Philippe Aghion
2025 Economic Sciences Peter Howitt πŸ“ Guelph, Canada πŸ”¬ Providence, RI, USA 2020-2025 for the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion
2025 Economic Sciences Philippe Aghion πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 2020-2025 for the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction Joel Mokyr, Peter Howitt
2024 Physics Geoffrey Hinton πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Toronto, Canada 2019-2024 for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks John J. Hopfield
2024 Physics John J. Hopfield πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2019-2024 for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks Geoffrey Hinton
2024 Chemistry David Baker πŸ“ Seattle, WA, USA πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 2019-2024 for computational protein design Demis Hassabis, John Jumper
2024 Chemistry Demis Hassabis πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 2019-2024 for protein structure prediction David Baker, John Jumper
2024 Chemistry John Jumper πŸ“ Little Rock, AR, USA πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 2019-2024 for protein structure prediction David Baker, Demis Hassabis
2024 Physiology or Medicine Gary Ruvkun πŸ“ Berkeley, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 2019-2024 for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation Victor Ambros
2024 Physiology or Medicine Victor Ambros πŸ“ Hanover, NH, USA πŸ”¬ Worcester, MA, USA 2019-2024 for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation Gary Ruvkun
2024 Literature Han Kang πŸ“ Gwangju, South Korea πŸ”¬ Seoul, South Korea 2019-2024 for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life -
2024 Peace Nihon Hidankyo πŸ“ Nagasaki, Japan πŸ”¬ Nagasaki, Japan 2019-2024 for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again -
2024 Economic Sciences Daron Acemoglu πŸ“ Istanbul, Turkey πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2019-2024 for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity James A. Robinson, Simon Henry Roberts Johnson
2024 Economic Sciences James A. Robinson πŸ“ Chelmsford, England πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 2019-2024 for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity Daron Acemoglu, Simon Henry Roberts Johnson
2024 Economic Sciences Simon Henry Roberts Johnson πŸ“ Sheffield, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2019-2024 for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity Daron Acemoglu, James A. Robinson
2023 Physics Anne L’Huillier πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Lund, Sweden 2018-2023 for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter Ferenc Krausz, Pierre Agostini
2023 Physics Ferenc Krausz πŸ“ MΓ³r, Hungary πŸ”¬ Garching, Germany 2018-2023 for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter Anne L’Huillier, Pierre Agostini
2023 Physics Pierre Agostini πŸ“ Tunis, French protectorate of Tunisia πŸ”¬ Columbus, OH, USA 2018-2023 for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter Anne L’Huillier, Ferenc Krausz
2023 Chemistry Aleksey Yekimov πŸ“ Leningrad, USSR πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2018-2023 for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots Louis E. Brus, Moungi G. Bawendi
2023 Chemistry Louis E. Brus πŸ“ Cleveland, OH, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2018-2023 for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots Aleksey Yekimov , Moungi G. Bawendi
2023 Chemistry Moungi G. Bawendi πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2018-2023 for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots Aleksey Yekimov , Louis E. Brus
2023 Physiology or Medicine Drew Weissman πŸ“ Lexington, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Philadelphia, PA, USA 2018-2023 for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 Katalin KarikΓ³
2023 Physiology or Medicine Katalin KarikΓ³ πŸ“ Szolnok, Hungary πŸ”¬ Szeged, Hungary 2018-2023 for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 Drew Weissman
2023 Literature Jon Fosse πŸ“ Haugesund, Norway πŸ”¬ Hainburg an der Donau, Austria 2018-2023 for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable -
2023 Peace Narges Mohammadi πŸ“ Zanjan, Iran πŸ”¬ Tehran, Iran 2018-2023 for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all -
2023 Economic Sciences Claudia Goldin πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2018-2023 for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes -
2022 Physics Alain Aspect πŸ“ Agen, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 2017-2022 for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science Anton Zeilinger, John F. Clauser
2022 Physics Anton Zeilinger πŸ“ Ried im Innkreis, Austria πŸ”¬ Vienna, Austria 2017-2022 for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser
2022 Physics John F. Clauser πŸ“ Pasadena, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Walnut Creek, CA, USA 2017-2022 for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science Alain Aspect, Anton Zeilinger
2022 Chemistry Carolyn R. Bertozzi πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2017-2022 for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry K. Barry Sharpless, Morten Meldal
2022 Chemistry K. Barry Sharpless πŸ“ Philadelphia, PA, USA πŸ”¬ La Jolla, CA, USA 2017-2022 for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal
2022 Chemistry Morten Meldal πŸ“ Copenhagen, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 2017-2022 for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry Carolyn R. Bertozzi, K. Barry Sharpless
2022 Physiology or Medicine Svante PÀÀbo πŸ“ Stockholm, Sweden πŸ”¬ Leipzig, Germany 2017-2022 for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution -
2022 Literature Annie Ernaux πŸ“ Lillebonne, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 2017-2022 for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory -
2022 Peace Ales Bialiatski πŸ“ Vyartsilya, Karelia, Russia πŸ”¬ Minsk, Belarus 2017-2022 The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy. Center for Civil Liberties, Memorial
2022 Peace Center for Civil Liberties πŸ“ Kyiv, Ukraine πŸ”¬ Kyiv, Ukraine 2017-2022 The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy. Ales Bialiatski , Memorial
2022 Peace Memorial πŸ“ Moscow, Russia πŸ”¬ Moscow, Russia 2017-2022 The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy. Ales Bialiatski , Center for Civil Liberties
2022 Economic Sciences Ben S. Bernanke πŸ“ Augusta, GA, USA πŸ”¬ Washington, D.C., USA 2017-2022 for research on banks and financial crises Douglas W. Diamond, Philip H. Dybvig
2022 Economic Sciences Douglas W. Diamond πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 2017-2022 for research on banks and financial crises Ben S. Bernanke, Philip H. Dybvig
2022 Economic Sciences Philip H. Dybvig πŸ“ Gainesville, FL, USA πŸ”¬ St. Louis, MO, USA 2017-2022 for research on banks and financial crises Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond
2021 Physics Giorgio Parisi πŸ“ Rome, Italy πŸ”¬ Rome, Italy 2016-2021 for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales Klaus Hasselmann, Syukuro Manabe
2021 Physics Klaus Hasselmann πŸ“ Hamburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Hamburg, Germany 2016-2021 for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming Giorgio Parisi, Syukuro Manabe
2021 Physics Syukuro Manabe πŸ“ Shingu, Ehime, Japan πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2016-2021 for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming Giorgio Parisi, Klaus Hasselmann
2021 Chemistry Benjamin List πŸ“ Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany πŸ”¬ MΓΌlheim an der Ruhr, Germany 2016-2021 for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis David W.C. MacMillan
2021 Chemistry David W.C. MacMillan πŸ“ Bellshill, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2016-2021 for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis Benjamin List
2021 Physiology or Medicine Ardem Patapoutian πŸ“ Beirut, Lebanon πŸ”¬ La Jolla, CA, USA 2016-2021 for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch David Julius
2021 Physiology or Medicine David Julius πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ San Francisco, CA, USA 2016-2021 for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch Ardem Patapoutian
2021 Literature Abdulrazak Gurnah πŸ“ Zanzibar, Tanzania πŸ”¬ Canterbury, England 2016-2021 for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents -
2021 Peace Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov πŸ“ Kubyshev, USSR πŸ”¬ Moscow, Russia 2016-2021 for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace Maria Ressa
2021 Peace Maria Ressa πŸ“ Manila, Philippines πŸ”¬ Manila, Philippines 2016-2021 for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov
2021 Economic Sciences David Card πŸ“ Guelph, Canada πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 2016-2021 for his empirical contributions to labour economics Guido W. Imbens, Joshua D. Angrist
2021 Economic Sciences Guido W. Imbens πŸ“ Geldrop, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2016-2021 for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships David Card, Joshua D. Angrist
2021 Economic Sciences Joshua D. Angrist πŸ“ Columbus, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2016-2021 for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships David Card, Guido W. Imbens
2020 Physics Andrea Ghez πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Los Angeles, CA, USA 2015-2020 for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy Reinhard Genzel, Roger Penrose
2020 Physics Reinhard Genzel πŸ“ Bad Homburg vor der HΓΆhe, Germany πŸ”¬ Garching, Germany 2015-2020 for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy Andrea Ghez, Roger Penrose
2020 Physics Roger Penrose πŸ“ Colchester, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 2015-2020 for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity Andrea Ghez, Reinhard Genzel
2020 Chemistry Emmanuelle Charpentier πŸ“ Juvisy-sur-Orge, France πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 2015-2020 for the development of a method for genome editing Jennifer A. Doudna
2020 Chemistry Jennifer A. Doudna πŸ“ Washington, D.C., USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 2015-2020 for the development of a method for genome editing Emmanuelle Charpentier
2020 Physiology or Medicine Charles M. Rice πŸ“ Sacramento, CA, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2015-2020 for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton
2020 Physiology or Medicine Harvey J. Alter πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Bethesda, MD, USA 2015-2020 for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus Charles M. Rice, Michael Houghton
2020 Physiology or Medicine Michael Houghton πŸ“ United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Edmonton, Canada 2015-2020 for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus Charles M. Rice, Harvey J. Alter
2020 Literature Louise GlΓΌck πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2015-2020 for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal -
2020 Peace World Food Programme πŸ“ Rome, Italy πŸ”¬ Rome, Italy 2015-2020 for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict -
2020 Economic Sciences Paul R. Milgrom πŸ“ Detroit, MI, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2015-2020 for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats Robert B. Wilson
2020 Economic Sciences Robert B. Wilson πŸ“ Geneva, NE, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2015-2020 for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats Paul R. Milgrom
2019 Physics Didier Queloz πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 2014-2019 for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star James Peebles, Michel Mayor
2019 Physics James Peebles πŸ“ Winnipeg, Canada πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2014-2019 for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology Didier Queloz, Michel Mayor
2019 Physics Michel Mayor πŸ“ Lausanne, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 2014-2019 for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star Didier Queloz, James Peebles
2019 Chemistry Akira Yoshino πŸ“ Suita, Japan πŸ”¬ Tokyo, Japan 2014-2019 for the development of lithium-ion batteries John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham
2019 Chemistry John B. Goodenough πŸ“ Jena, Germany πŸ”¬ Austin, TX, USA 2014-2019 for the development of lithium-ion batteries Akira Yoshino, M. Stanley Whittingham
2019 Chemistry M. Stanley Whittingham πŸ“ Nottingham, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2014-2019 for the development of lithium-ion batteries Akira Yoshino, John B. Goodenough
2019 Physiology or Medicine Gregg L. Semenza πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Baltimore, MD, USA 2014-2019 for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, William G. Kaelin Jr
2019 Physiology or Medicine Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe πŸ“ Lancashire, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 2014-2019 for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability Gregg L. Semenza, William G. Kaelin Jr
2019 Physiology or Medicine William G. Kaelin Jr πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 2014-2019 for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability Gregg L. Semenza, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe
2019 Literature Peter Handke πŸ“ Griffen, Austria πŸ”¬ Graz, Austria 2014-2019 for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience -
2019 Peace Abiy Ahmed Ali πŸ“ Beshasha, Ethiopia πŸ”¬ Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2014-2019 for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea -
2019 Economic Sciences Abhijit Banerjee πŸ“ Mumbai, India πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2014-2019 for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty Esther Duflo, Michael Kremer
2019 Economic Sciences Esther Duflo πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2014-2019 for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty Abhijit Banerjee, Michael Kremer
2019 Economic Sciences Michael Kremer πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2014-2019 for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo
2018 Physics Arthur Ashkin πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Holmdel, NJ, USA 2013-2018 for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems Donna Strickland, GΓ©rard Mourou
2018 Physics Donna Strickland πŸ“ Guelph, Canada πŸ”¬ Waterloo, Canada 2013-2018 for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses Arthur Ashkin, GΓ©rard Mourou
2018 Physics GΓ©rard Mourou πŸ“ Albertville, France πŸ”¬ Palaiseau, France 2013-2018 for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses Arthur Ashkin, Donna Strickland
2018 Chemistry Frances H. Arnold πŸ“ Pittsburgh, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 2013-2018 for the directed evolution of enzymes George P. Smith, Sir Gregory P. Winter
2018 Chemistry George P. Smith πŸ“ Norwalk, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Columbia, USA 2013-2018 for the phage display of peptides and antibodies Frances H. Arnold, Sir Gregory P. Winter
2018 Chemistry Sir Gregory P. Winter πŸ“ Leicester, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 2013-2018 for the phage display of peptides and antibodies Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith
2018 Physiology or Medicine James P. Allison πŸ“ Alice, TX, USA πŸ”¬ San Francisco, CA, USA 2013-2018 for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation Tasuku Honjo
2018 Physiology or Medicine Tasuku Honjo πŸ“ Kyoto, Japan πŸ”¬ Kyoto, Japan 2013-2018 for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation James P. Allison
2018 Literature Olga Tokarczuk πŸ“ SulechΓ³w, Poland πŸ”¬ WrocΕ‚aw, Poland 2013-2018 for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life -
2018 Peace Denis Mukwege πŸ“ Bukavu, Belgian Congo πŸ”¬ Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo 2013-2018 for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict Nadia Murad Basee Taha
2018 Peace Nadia Murad Basee Taha πŸ“ Kojo, Iraq πŸ”¬ Baden-WΓΌrttemberg, Germany 2013-2018 for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict Denis Mukwege
2018 Economic Sciences Paul M. Romer πŸ“ Denver, CO, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2013-2018 for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis William D. Nordhaus
2018 Economic Sciences William D. Nordhaus πŸ“ Albuquerque, NM, USA πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 2013-2018 for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis Paul M. Romer
2017 Physics Barry C. Barish πŸ“ Omaha, NE, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 2012-2017 for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves Kip S. Thorne, Rainer Weiss
2017 Physics Kip S. Thorne πŸ“ Logan, UT, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 2012-2017 for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves Barry C. Barish, Rainer Weiss
2017 Physics Rainer Weiss πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2012-2017 for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves Barry C. Barish, Kip S. Thorne
2017 Chemistry Jacques Dubochet πŸ“ Aigle, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Lausanne, Switzerland 2012-2017 for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson
2017 Chemistry Joachim Frank πŸ“ Siegen, Germany πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2012-2017 for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution Jacques Dubochet, Richard Henderson
2017 Chemistry Richard Henderson πŸ“ Edinburgh, Scotland πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 2012-2017 for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank
2017 Physiology or Medicine Jeffrey C. Hall πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Maine, ME, USA 2012-2017 for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm Michael Rosbash, Michael W. Young
2017 Physiology or Medicine Michael Rosbash πŸ“ Kansas City, MO, USA πŸ”¬ Waltham, MA, USA 2012-2017 for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael W. Young
2017 Physiology or Medicine Michael W. Young πŸ“ Miami, FL, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2012-2017 for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash
2017 Literature Kazuo Ishiguro πŸ“ Nagasaki, Japan πŸ”¬ London, England 2012-2017 who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world -
2017 Peace International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 2012-2017 for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons -
2017 Economic Sciences Richard H. Thaler πŸ“ East Orange, NJ, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 2012-2017 for his contributions to behavioural economics -
2016 Physics David J. Thouless πŸ“ Bearsden, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 2011-2016 for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter F. Duncan M. Haldane, J. Michael Kosterlitz
2016 Physics F. Duncan M. Haldane πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2011-2016 for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter David J. Thouless, J. Michael Kosterlitz
2016 Physics J. Michael Kosterlitz πŸ“ Aberdeen, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Providence, RI, USA 2011-2016 for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter David J. Thouless, F. Duncan M. Haldane
2016 Chemistry Bernard L. Feringa πŸ“ Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Groningen, the Netherlands 2011-2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart
2016 Chemistry Jean-Pierre Sauvage πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Strasbourg, France 2011-2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines Bernard L. Feringa, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart
2016 Chemistry Sir J. Fraser Stoddart πŸ“ Edinburgh, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Evanston, IL, USA 2011-2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines Bernard L. Feringa, Jean-Pierre Sauvage
2016 Physiology or Medicine Yoshinori Ohsumi πŸ“ Fukuoka, Japan πŸ”¬ Tokyo, Japan 2011-2016 for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy -
2016 Literature Bob Dylan πŸ“ Duluth, MN, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2011-2016 for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition -
2016 Peace Juan Manuel Santos πŸ“ BogotΓ‘, Colombia πŸ”¬ BogotΓ‘, Colombia 2011-2016 for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end -
2016 Economic Sciences Bengt HolmstrΓΆm πŸ“ Helsinki, Finland πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2011-2016 for their contributions to contract theory Oliver Hart
2016 Economic Sciences Oliver Hart πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2011-2016 for their contributions to contract theory Bengt HolmstrΓΆm
2015 Physics Arthur B. McDonald πŸ“ Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada πŸ”¬ Kingston, Canada 2010-2015 for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass Takaaki Kajita
2015 Physics Takaaki Kajita πŸ“ Higashimatsuyama, Japan πŸ”¬ Kashiwa, Japan 2010-2015 for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass Arthur B. McDonald
2015 Chemistry Aziz Sancar πŸ“ Savur, Turkey πŸ”¬ Chapel Hill, NC, USA 2010-2015 for mechanistic studies of DNA repair Paul Modrich, Tomas Lindahl
2015 Chemistry Paul Modrich πŸ“ Raton, NM, USA πŸ”¬ Durham, NC, USA 2010-2015 for mechanistic studies of DNA repair Aziz Sancar, Tomas Lindahl
2015 Chemistry Tomas Lindahl πŸ“ Stockholm, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 2010-2015 for mechanistic studies of DNA repair Aziz Sancar, Paul Modrich
2015 Physiology or Medicine Satoshi Ōmura πŸ“ Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan πŸ”¬ Tokyo, Japan 2010-2015 for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites Tu Youyou, William C. Campbell
2015 Physiology or Medicine Tu Youyou πŸ“ Zhejiang Ningbo, China πŸ”¬ Beijing, China 2010-2015 for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria Satoshi Ōmura, William C. Campbell
2015 Physiology or Medicine William C. Campbell πŸ“ Ramelton, Ireland πŸ”¬ Madison, NJ, USA 2010-2015 for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites Satoshi Ōmura, Tu Youyou
2015 Literature Svetlana Alexievich πŸ“ Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine πŸ”¬ Minsk, Belarus 2010-2015 for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time -
2015 Peace National Dialogue Quartet πŸ“ Tunis, Tunisia πŸ”¬ Tunis, Tunisia 2010-2015 for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011 -
2015 Economic Sciences Angus Deaton πŸ“ Edinburgh, Scotland πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2010-2015 for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare -
2014 Physics Hiroshi Amano πŸ“ Hamamatsu, Japan πŸ”¬ Nagoya, Japan 2009-2014 for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources Isamu Akasaki, Shuji Nakamura
2014 Physics Isamu Akasaki πŸ“ Chiran, Japan πŸ”¬ Nagoya, Japan 2009-2014 for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura
2014 Physics Shuji Nakamura πŸ“ Ikata, Japan πŸ”¬ Santa Barbara, CA, USA 2009-2014 for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources Hiroshi Amano, Isamu Akasaki
2014 Chemistry Eric Betzig πŸ“ Ann Arbor, MI, USA πŸ”¬ Ashburn, VA, USA 2009-2014 for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy Stefan W. Hell, William E. Moerner
2014 Chemistry Stefan W. Hell πŸ“ Arad, Romania πŸ”¬ GΓΆttingen, Germany 2009-2014 for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy Eric Betzig, William E. Moerner
2014 Chemistry William E. Moerner πŸ“ Pleasanton, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2009-2014 for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell
2014 Physiology or Medicine Edvard I. Moser πŸ“ Γ…lesund, Norway πŸ”¬ Trondheim, Norway 2009-2014 for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser
2014 Physiology or Medicine John O'Keefe πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 2009-2014 for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain Edvard I. Moser, May-Britt Moser
2014 Physiology or Medicine May-Britt Moser πŸ“ FosnavΓ₯g, Norway πŸ”¬ Trondheim, Norway 2009-2014 for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain Edvard I. Moser, John O'Keefe
2014 Literature Patrick Modiano πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 2009-2014 for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation -
2014 Peace Kailash Satyarthi πŸ“ Vidisha, India πŸ”¬ New Delhi, India 2009-2014 for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education Malala Yousafzai
2014 Peace Malala Yousafzai πŸ“ Mingora, Pakistan πŸ”¬ Swat, Pakistan 2009-2014 for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education Kailash Satyarthi
2014 Economic Sciences Jean Tirole πŸ“ Troyes, France πŸ”¬ Toulouse, France 2009-2014 for his analysis of market power and regulation -
2013 Physics FranΓ§ois Englert πŸ“ Etterbeek, Belgium πŸ”¬ Brussels, Belgium 2008-2013 for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider Peter W. Higgs
2013 Physics Peter W. Higgs πŸ“ Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Edinburgh, United Kingdom 2008-2013 for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider FranΓ§ois Englert
2013 Chemistry Arieh Warshel πŸ“ Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, British Mandate of Palestine πŸ”¬ Los Angeles, CA, USA 2008-2013 for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt
2013 Chemistry Martin Karplus πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Strasbourg, France 2008-2013 for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems Arieh Warshel, Michael Levitt
2013 Chemistry Michael Levitt πŸ“ Pretoria, South Africa πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2008-2013 for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems Arieh Warshel, Martin Karplus
2013 Physiology or Medicine James E. Rothman πŸ“ Haverhill, MA, USA πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 2008-2013 for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells Randy W. Schekman, Thomas C. SΓΌdhof
2013 Physiology or Medicine Randy W. Schekman πŸ“ St. Paul, MN, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 2008-2013 for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells James E. Rothman, Thomas C. SΓΌdhof
2013 Physiology or Medicine Thomas C. SΓΌdhof πŸ“ GΓΆttingen, Germany πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2008-2013 for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman
2013 Literature Alice Munro πŸ“ Wingham, Canada πŸ”¬ Ontario, Canada 2008-2013 master of the contemporary short story -
2013 Peace Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons πŸ“ The Hague, Netherlands πŸ”¬ The Hague, Netherlands 2008-2013 for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons -
2013 Economic Sciences Eugene F. Fama πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 2008-2013 for their empirical analysis of asset prices Lars Peter Hansen, Robert J. Shiller
2013 Economic Sciences Lars Peter Hansen πŸ“ Urbana, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 2008-2013 for their empirical analysis of asset prices Eugene F. Fama, Robert J. Shiller
2013 Economic Sciences Robert J. Shiller πŸ“ Detroit, MI, USA πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 2008-2013 for their empirical analysis of asset prices Eugene F. Fama, Lars Peter Hansen
2012 Physics David J. Wineland πŸ“ Milwaukee, WI, USA πŸ”¬ Boulder, CO, USA 2007-2012 for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems Serge Haroche
2012 Physics Serge Haroche πŸ“ Casablanca, Morocco πŸ”¬ Paris, France 2007-2012 for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems David J. Wineland
2012 Chemistry Brian K. Kobilka πŸ“ Little Falls, MN, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2007-2012 for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors Robert J. Lefkowitz
2012 Chemistry Robert J. Lefkowitz πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Durham, NC, USA 2007-2012 for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors Brian K. Kobilka
2012 Physiology or Medicine Shinya Yamanaka πŸ“ Osaka, Japan πŸ”¬ Kyoto, Japan 2007-2012 for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent Sir John B. Gurdon
2012 Physiology or Medicine Sir John B. Gurdon πŸ“ Dippenhall, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 2007-2012 for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent Shinya Yamanaka
2012 Literature Mo Yan πŸ“ Gaomi, China πŸ”¬ Gaomi, Shandong, China 2007-2012 who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary -
2012 Peace European Union πŸ“ Brussels, Belgium πŸ”¬ Brussels, Belgium 2007-2012 for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe -
2012 Economic Sciences Alvin E. Roth πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2007-2012 for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design Lloyd S. Shapley
2012 Economic Sciences Lloyd S. Shapley πŸ“ Cambridge, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Los Angeles, CA, USA 2007-2012 for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design Alvin E. Roth
2011 Physics Adam G. Riess πŸ“ Washington, D.C., USA πŸ”¬ Baltimore, MD, USA 2006-2011 for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae Brian P. Schmidt, Saul Perlmutter
2011 Physics Brian P. Schmidt πŸ“ Missoula, MT, USA πŸ”¬ Weston Creek, Australia 2006-2011 for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae Adam G. Riess, Saul Perlmutter
2011 Physics Saul Perlmutter πŸ“ Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 2006-2011 for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae Adam G. Riess, Brian P. Schmidt
2011 Chemistry Dan Shechtman πŸ“ Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine πŸ”¬ Haifa, Israel 2006-2011 for the discovery of quasicrystals -
2011 Physiology or Medicine Bruce A. Beutler πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Dallas, TX, USA 2006-2011 for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity Jules A. Hoffmann, Ralph M. Steinman
2011 Physiology or Medicine Jules A. Hoffmann πŸ“ Echternach, Luxembourg πŸ”¬ Strasbourg, France 2006-2011 for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity Bruce A. Beutler, Ralph M. Steinman
2011 Physiology or Medicine Ralph M. Steinman πŸ“ Montreal, Canada πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2006-2011 for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann
2011 Literature Tomas TranstrΓΆmer πŸ“ Stockholm, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 2006-2011 because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality -
2011 Peace Ellen Johnson Sirleaf πŸ“ Monrovia, Liberia πŸ”¬ Monrovia, Liberia 2006-2011 for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work Leymah Gbowee, Tawakkol Karman
2011 Peace Leymah Gbowee πŸ“ Monrovia, Liberia πŸ”¬ Monrovia, Liberia 2006-2011 for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Tawakkol Karman
2011 Peace Tawakkol Karman πŸ“ Ta'izz, Yemen πŸ”¬ Sana'a, Yemen 2006-2011 for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee
2011 Economic Sciences Christopher A. Sims πŸ“ Washington, D.C., USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2006-2011 for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy Thomas J. Sargent
2011 Economic Sciences Thomas J. Sargent πŸ“ Pasadena, CA, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2006-2011 for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy Christopher A. Sims
2010 Physics Andre Geim πŸ“ Sochi, Russia πŸ”¬ Manchester, United Kingdom 2005-2010 for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene Konstantin Novoselov
2010 Physics Konstantin Novoselov πŸ“ Nizhny Tagil, Russia πŸ”¬ Manchester, United Kingdom 2005-2010 for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene Andre Geim
2010 Chemistry Akira Suzuki πŸ“ Mukawa, Japan πŸ”¬ Sapporo, Japan 2005-2010 for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis Ei-ichi Negishi, Richard F. Heck
2010 Chemistry Ei-ichi Negishi πŸ“ Changchun, China πŸ”¬ West Lafayette, IN, USA 2005-2010 for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis Akira Suzuki, Richard F. Heck
2010 Chemistry Richard F. Heck πŸ“ Springfield, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Wilmington, DE, USA 2005-2010 for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis Akira Suzuki, Ei-ichi Negishi
2010 Physiology or Medicine Robert G. Edwards πŸ“ Batley, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 2005-2010 for the development of in vitro fertilization -
2010 Literature Mario Vargas Llosa πŸ“ Arequipa, Peru πŸ”¬ Paris, France 2005-2010 for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat -
2010 Peace Liu Xiaobo πŸ“ Changchun, China πŸ”¬ Beijing, China 2005-2010 for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China -
2010 Economic Sciences Christopher A. Pissarides πŸ“ Nicosia, Cyprus πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 2005-2010 for their analysis of markets with search frictions Dale T. Mortensen, Peter A. Diamond
2010 Economic Sciences Dale T. Mortensen πŸ“ Enterprise, OR, USA πŸ”¬ Evanston, IL, USA 2005-2010 for their analysis of markets with search frictions Christopher A. Pissarides, Peter A. Diamond
2010 Economic Sciences Peter A. Diamond πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2005-2010 for their analysis of markets with search frictions Christopher A. Pissarides, Dale T. Mortensen
2009 Physics Charles Kuen Kao πŸ“ Shanghai, China πŸ”¬ Harlow, United Kingdom 2004-2009 for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication George E. Smith, Willard S. Boyle
2009 Physics George E. Smith πŸ“ White Plains, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Murray Hill, NJ, USA 2004-2009 for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor Charles Kuen Kao, Willard S. Boyle
2009 Physics Willard S. Boyle πŸ“ Amherst, NS, Canada πŸ”¬ Murray Hill, NJ, USA 2004-2009 for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor Charles Kuen Kao, George E. Smith
2009 Chemistry Ada E. Yonath πŸ“ Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine πŸ”¬ Rehovot, Israel 2004-2009 for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome Thomas A. Steitz, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
2009 Chemistry Thomas A. Steitz πŸ“ Milwaukee, WI, USA πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 2004-2009 for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome Ada E. Yonath, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
2009 Chemistry Venkatraman Ramakrishnan πŸ“ Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 2004-2009 for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome Ada E. Yonath, Thomas A. Steitz
2009 Physiology or Medicine Carol W. Greider πŸ“ San Diego, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Baltimore, MD, USA 2004-2009 for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Jack W. Szostak
2009 Physiology or Medicine Elizabeth H. Blackburn πŸ“ Hobart, Tasmania, Australia πŸ”¬ San Francisco, CA, USA 2004-2009 for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak
2009 Physiology or Medicine Jack W. Szostak πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 2004-2009 for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase Carol W. Greider, Elizabeth H. Blackburn
2009 Literature Herta MΓΌller πŸ“ Nitzkydorf, Banat, Romania πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 2004-2009 who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed -
2009 Peace Barack Hussein Obama πŸ“ Honolulu, HI, USA πŸ”¬ Washington, D.C., USA 2004-2009 for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples -
2009 Economic Sciences Elinor Ostrom πŸ“ Los Angeles, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Bloomington, IN, USA 2004-2009 for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons Oliver E. Williamson
2009 Economic Sciences Oliver E. Williamson πŸ“ Superior, WI, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 2004-2009 for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm Elinor Ostrom
2008 Physics Makoto Kobayashi πŸ“ Nagoya, Japan πŸ”¬ Tsukuba, Japan 2003-2008 for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature Toshihide Maskawa, Yoichiro Nambu
2008 Physics Toshihide Maskawa πŸ“ Nagoya, Japan πŸ”¬ Kyoto, Japan 2003-2008 for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature Makoto Kobayashi, Yoichiro Nambu
2008 Physics Yoichiro Nambu πŸ“ Tokyo, Japan πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 2003-2008 for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa
2008 Chemistry Martin Chalfie πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2003-2008 for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP Osamu Shimomura, Roger Y. Tsien
2008 Chemistry Osamu Shimomura πŸ“ Kyoto, Japan πŸ”¬ Woods Hole, MA, USA 2003-2008 for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien
2008 Chemistry Roger Y. Tsien πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ San Diego, CA, USA 2003-2008 for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura
2008 Physiology or Medicine FranΓ§oise BarrΓ©-Sinoussi πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 2003-2008 for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus Harald zur Hausen, Luc Montagnier
2008 Physiology or Medicine Harald zur Hausen πŸ“ Gelsenkirchen, Germany πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 2003-2008 for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer FranΓ§oise BarrΓ©-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier
2008 Physiology or Medicine Luc Montagnier πŸ“ Chabris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 2003-2008 for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus FranΓ§oise BarrΓ©-Sinoussi, Harald zur Hausen
2008 Literature Jean-Marie Gustave Le ClΓ©zio πŸ“ Nice, France πŸ”¬ Nice, France 2003-2008 author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization -
2008 Peace Martti Ahtisaari πŸ“ Viipuri, Finland πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2003-2008 for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts -
2008 Economic Sciences Paul Krugman πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2003-2008 for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity -
2007 Physics Albert Fert πŸ“ Carcassonne, France πŸ”¬ Orsay, France 2002-2007 for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance Peter GrΓΌnberg
2007 Physics Peter GrΓΌnberg πŸ“ Plzen, Czechoslovakia πŸ”¬ JΓΌlich, Germany 2002-2007 for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance Albert Fert
2007 Chemistry Gerhard Ertl πŸ“ Bad Cannstatt, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 2002-2007 for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces -
2007 Physiology or Medicine Mario R. Capecchi πŸ“ Verona, Italy πŸ”¬ Salt Lake City, UT, USA 2002-2007 for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells Oliver Smithies, Sir Martin J. Evans
2007 Physiology or Medicine Oliver Smithies πŸ“ Halifax, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Chapel Hill, NC, USA 2002-2007 for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans
2007 Physiology or Medicine Sir Martin J. Evans πŸ“ Stroud, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cardiff, United Kingdom 2002-2007 for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells Mario R. Capecchi, Oliver Smithies
2007 Literature Doris Lessing πŸ“ Kermanshah, Persia πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 2002-2007 that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny -
2007 Peace Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. πŸ“ Washington, D.C., USA πŸ”¬ Nashville, Tennessee 2002-2007 for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2007 Peace Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 2002-2007 for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
2007 Economic Sciences Eric S. Maskin πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 2002-2007 for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory Leonid Hurwicz, Roger B. Myerson
2007 Economic Sciences Leonid Hurwicz πŸ“ Moscow, Russia πŸ”¬ Minneapolis, MN, USA 2002-2007 for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory Eric S. Maskin, Roger B. Myerson
2007 Economic Sciences Roger B. Myerson πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 2002-2007 for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory Eric S. Maskin, Leonid Hurwicz
2006 Physics George F. Smoot πŸ“ Yukon, FL, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 2001-2006 for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation John C. Mather
2006 Physics John C. Mather πŸ“ Roanoke, VA, USA πŸ”¬ Greenbelt, MD, USA 2001-2006 for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation George F. Smoot
2006 Chemistry Roger D. Kornberg πŸ“ St. Louis, MO, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2001-2006 for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription -
2006 Physiology or Medicine Andrew Z. Fire πŸ“ Stanford, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 2001-2006 for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA Craig C. Mello
2006 Physiology or Medicine Craig C. Mello πŸ“ New Haven, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Worcester, MA, USA 2001-2006 for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA Andrew Z. Fire
2006 Literature Orhan Pamuk πŸ“ Istanbul, Turkey πŸ”¬ Istanbul, Turkey 2001-2006 who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures -
2006 Peace Grameen Bank πŸ“ Dhaka, Bangladesh πŸ”¬ Dhaka, Bangladesh 2001-2006 for their efforts to create economic and social development from below Muhammad Yunus
2006 Peace Muhammad Yunus πŸ“ Chittagong, British India πŸ”¬ Jobra, Bangladesh 2001-2006 for their efforts to create economic and social development from below Grameen Bank
2006 Economic Sciences Edmund S. Phelps πŸ“ Evanston, IL, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 2001-2006 for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy -
2005 Physics John L. Hall πŸ“ Denver, CO, USA πŸ”¬ Boulder, CO, USA 2000-2005 for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique Roy J. Glauber, Theodor W. HΓ€nsch
2005 Physics Roy J. Glauber πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2000-2005 for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence John L. Hall, Theodor W. HΓ€nsch
2005 Physics Theodor W. HΓ€nsch πŸ“ Heidelberg, Germany πŸ”¬ Garching, Germany 2000-2005 for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique John L. Hall, Roy J. Glauber
2005 Chemistry Richard R. Schrock πŸ“ Berne, IN, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 2000-2005 for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis Robert H. Grubbs, Yves Chauvin
2005 Chemistry Robert H. Grubbs πŸ“ Possum Trot, KY, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 2000-2005 for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis Richard R. Schrock, Yves Chauvin
2005 Chemistry Yves Chauvin πŸ“ Menin, Belgium πŸ”¬ Rueil-Malmaison, France 2000-2005 for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis Richard R. Schrock, Robert H. Grubbs
2005 Physiology or Medicine Barry J. Marshall πŸ“ Kalgoorlie, Australia πŸ”¬ Nedlands, Australia 2000-2005 for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease J. Robin Warren
2005 Physiology or Medicine J. Robin Warren πŸ“ Adelaide, Australia πŸ”¬ Perth, Australia 2000-2005 for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease Barry J. Marshall
2005 Literature Harold Pinter πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, England 2000-2005 who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms -
2005 Peace International Atomic Energy Agency πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Vienna, Austria 2000-2005 for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way Mohamed ElBaradei
2005 Peace Mohamed ElBaradei πŸ“ Cairo, Egypt πŸ”¬ Vienna, Austria 2000-2005 for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way International Atomic Energy Agency
2005 Economic Sciences Robert J. Aumann πŸ“ Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany πŸ”¬ Jerusalem, Israel 2000-2005 for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis Thomas C. Schelling
2005 Economic Sciences Thomas C. Schelling πŸ“ Oakland, CA, USA πŸ”¬ College Park, MD, USA 2000-2005 for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis Robert J. Aumann
2004 Physics David J. Gross πŸ“ Washington, D.C., USA πŸ”¬ Santa Barbara, CA, USA 1999-2004 for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction Frank Wilczek, H. David Politzer
2004 Physics Frank Wilczek πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1999-2004 for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction David J. Gross, H. David Politzer
2004 Physics H. David Politzer πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1999-2004 for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction David J. Gross, Frank Wilczek
2004 Chemistry Aaron Ciechanover πŸ“ Haifa, British Protectorate of Palestine πŸ”¬ Haifa, Israel 1999-2004 for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose
2004 Chemistry Avram Hershko πŸ“ Karcag, Hungary πŸ”¬ Haifa, Israel 1999-2004 for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation Aaron Ciechanover, Irwin Rose
2004 Chemistry Irwin Rose πŸ“ Brooklyn, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Irvine, CA, USA 1999-2004 for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko
2004 Physiology or Medicine Linda B. Buck πŸ“ Seattle, WA, USA πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 1999-2004 for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system Richard Axel
2004 Physiology or Medicine Richard Axel πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1999-2004 for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system Linda B. Buck
2004 Literature Elfriede Jelinek πŸ“ MΓΌrzzuschlag, Austria πŸ”¬ Vienna, Austria 1999-2004 for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power -
2004 Peace Wangari Muta Maathai πŸ“ Nyeri, Kenya πŸ”¬ Nairobi, Kenya 1999-2004 for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace -
2004 Economic Sciences Edward C. Prescott πŸ“ Glens Falls, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Tempe, AZ, USA 1999-2004 for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles Finn E. Kydland
2004 Economic Sciences Finn E. Kydland πŸ“ Gjesdal, Norway πŸ”¬ Pittsburgh, PA, USA 1999-2004 for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles Edward C. Prescott
2003 Physics Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov πŸ“ Moscow, USSR πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1998-2003 for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids Anthony J. Leggett, Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg
2003 Physics Anthony J. Leggett πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Urbana, IL, USA 1998-2003 for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg
2003 Physics Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg πŸ“ Moscow, Russia πŸ”¬ Moscow, Russia 1998-2003 for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Anthony J. Leggett
2003 Chemistry Peter Agre πŸ“ Northfield, MN, USA πŸ”¬ Baltimore, MD, USA 1998-2003 for the discovery of water channels Roderick MacKinnon
2003 Chemistry Roderick MacKinnon πŸ“ Burlington, MA, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1998-2003 for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels Peter Agre
2003 Physiology or Medicine Paul C. Lauterbur πŸ“ Sidney, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Urbana, IL, USA 1998-2003 for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging Sir Peter Mansfield
2003 Physiology or Medicine Sir Peter Mansfield πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Nottingham, United Kingdom 1998-2003 for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging Paul C. Lauterbur
2003 Literature John M. Coetzee πŸ“ Cape Town, South Africa πŸ”¬ University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 1998-2003 who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider -
2003 Peace Shirin Ebadi πŸ“ Hamadan, Iran πŸ”¬ Tehran, Iran 1998-2003 for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children -
2003 Economic Sciences Clive W.J. Granger πŸ“ Swansea, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ San Diego, CA, USA 1998-2003 for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration) Robert F. Engle III
2003 Economic Sciences Robert F. Engle III πŸ“ Syracuse, NY, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1998-2003 for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH) Clive W.J. Granger
2002 Physics Masatoshi Koshiba πŸ“ Toyohashi, Japan πŸ”¬ Tokyo, Japan 1997-2002 for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos Raymond Davis Jr., Riccardo Giacconi
2002 Physics Raymond Davis Jr. πŸ“ Washington, D.C., USA πŸ”¬ Philadelphia, PA, USA 1997-2002 for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi
2002 Physics Riccardo Giacconi πŸ“ Genoa, Italy πŸ”¬ Washington, D.C., USA 1997-2002 for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources Masatoshi Koshiba, Raymond Davis Jr.
2002 Chemistry John B. Fenn πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Richmond, VA, USA 1997-2002 for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules Koichi Tanaka, Kurt WΓΌthrich
2002 Chemistry Koichi Tanaka πŸ“ Toyama City, Japan πŸ”¬ Kyoto, Japan 1997-2002 for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules John B. Fenn, Kurt WΓΌthrich
2002 Chemistry Kurt WΓΌthrich πŸ“ Aarberg, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Zurich, Switzerland 1997-2002 for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka
2002 Physiology or Medicine H. Robert Horvitz πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1997-2002 for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death John E. Sulston, Sydney Brenner
2002 Physiology or Medicine John E. Sulston πŸ“ Fulmer, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1997-2002 for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death H. Robert Horvitz, Sydney Brenner
2002 Physiology or Medicine Sydney Brenner πŸ“ Germiston, South Africa πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1997-2002 for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston
2002 Literature Imre KertΓ©sz πŸ“ Budapest, Hungary πŸ”¬ Budapest, Hungary 1997-2002 for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history -
2002 Peace James Earl Carter πŸ“ Plains, GA, USA πŸ”¬ Atlanta, Georgia 1997-2002 for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development -
2002 Economic Sciences Daniel Kahneman πŸ“ Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1997-2002 for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty Vernon L. Smith
2002 Economic Sciences Vernon L. Smith πŸ“ Wichita, KS, USA πŸ”¬ Fairfax, VA, USA 1997-2002 for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms Daniel Kahneman
2001 Physics Carl E. Wieman πŸ“ Corvallis, OR, USA πŸ”¬ Boulder, CO, USA 1996-2001 for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle
2001 Physics Eric A. Cornell πŸ“ Palo Alto, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Boulder, CO, USA 1996-2001 for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates Carl E. Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle
2001 Physics Wolfgang Ketterle πŸ“ Heidelberg, West Germany πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1996-2001 for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates Carl E. Wieman, Eric A. Cornell
2001 Chemistry K. Barry Sharpless πŸ“ Philadelphia, PA, USA πŸ”¬ La Jolla, CA, USA 1996-2001 for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions Ryoji Noyori, William S. Knowles
2001 Chemistry Ryoji Noyori πŸ“ Kobe, Japan πŸ”¬ Nagoya, Japan 1996-2001 for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions K. Barry Sharpless, William S. Knowles
2001 Chemistry William S. Knowles πŸ“ Taunton, MA, USA πŸ”¬ St. Louis, Missouri 1996-2001 for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions K. Barry Sharpless, Ryoji Noyori
2001 Physiology or Medicine Leland H. Hartwell πŸ“ Los Angeles, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 1996-2001 for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle Sir Paul M. Nurse, Tim Hunt
2001 Physiology or Medicine Sir Paul M. Nurse πŸ“ Norwich, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1996-2001 for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt
2001 Physiology or Medicine Tim Hunt πŸ“ Neston, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1996-2001 for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle Leland H. Hartwell, Sir Paul M. Nurse
2001 Literature Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul πŸ“ Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago πŸ”¬ London, England 1996-2001 for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories -
2001 Peace Kofi Atta Annan πŸ“ Kumasi, Gold Coast πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1996-2001 for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world United Nations
2001 Peace United Nations πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1996-2001 for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world Kofi Atta Annan
2001 Economic Sciences A. Michael Spence πŸ“ Montclair, NJ, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1996-2001 for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information George A. Akerlof, Joseph E. Stiglitz
2001 Economic Sciences George A. Akerlof πŸ“ New Haven, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1996-2001 for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information A. Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz
2001 Economic Sciences Joseph E. Stiglitz πŸ“ Gary, IN, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1996-2001 for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information A. Michael Spence, George A. Akerlof
2000 Physics Herbert Kroemer πŸ“ Weimar, Germany πŸ”¬ Santa Barbara, CA, USA 1995-2000 for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics Jack S. Kilby, Zhores I. Alferov
2000 Physics Jack S. Kilby πŸ“ Jefferson City, MO, USA πŸ”¬ Dallas, TX, USA 1995-2000 for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit Herbert Kroemer, Zhores I. Alferov
2000 Physics Zhores I. Alferov πŸ“ Vitebsk, Belorussia, USSR πŸ”¬ St. Petersburg, Russia 1995-2000 for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby
2000 Chemistry Alan J. Heeger πŸ“ Sioux City, IA, USA πŸ”¬ Santa Barbara, CA, USA 1995-2000 for the discovery and development of conductive polymers Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa
2000 Chemistry Alan G. MacDiarmid πŸ“ Masterton, New Zealand πŸ”¬ Philadelphia, PA, USA 1995-2000 for the discovery and development of conductive polymers Alan J. Heeger, Hideki Shirakawa
2000 Chemistry Hideki Shirakawa πŸ“ Tokyo, Japan πŸ”¬ Tsukuba, Japan 1995-2000 for the discovery and development of conductive polymers Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid
2000 Physiology or Medicine Arvid Carlsson πŸ“ Uppsala, Sweden πŸ”¬ Gothenburg, Sweden 1995-2000 for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system Eric R. Kandel, Paul Greengard
2000 Physiology or Medicine Eric R. Kandel πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1995-2000 for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard
2000 Physiology or Medicine Paul Greengard πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1995-2000 for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system Arvid Carlsson, Eric R. Kandel
2000 Literature Gao Xingjian πŸ“ Ganzhou, China πŸ”¬ Bagnolet, France 1995-2000 for an Ε“uvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama -
2000 Peace Kim Dae-jung πŸ“ Mokpo, Korea πŸ”¬ Seoul, South Korea 1995-2000 for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular -
2000 Economic Sciences Daniel L. McFadden πŸ“ Raleigh, NC, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1995-2000 for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice James J. Heckman
2000 Economic Sciences James J. Heckman πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1995-2000 for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples Daniel L. McFadden
1999 Physics Gerardus 't Hooft πŸ“ Den Helder, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Utrecht, the Netherlands 1994-1999 for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics Martinus J.G. Veltman
1999 Physics Martinus J.G. Veltman πŸ“ Waalwijk, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Utrecht, the Netherlands 1994-1999 for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics Gerardus 't Hooft
1999 Chemistry Ahmed H. Zewail πŸ“ Damanhur, Egypt πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1994-1999 for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy -
1999 Physiology or Medicine GΓΌnter Blobel πŸ“ Waltersdorf, Germany πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1994-1999 for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell -
1999 Literature GΓΌnter Grass πŸ“ Danzig, Free City of Danzig πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1994-1999 whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history -
1999 Peace Doctors Without Borders πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1994-1999 in recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents -
1999 Economic Sciences Robert A. Mundell πŸ“ Kingston, ON, Canada πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1994-1999 for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas -
1998 Physics Daniel C. Tsui πŸ“ Henan, China πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1993-1998 for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations Horst L. StΓΆrmer, Robert B. Laughlin
1998 Physics Horst L. StΓΆrmer πŸ“ Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1993-1998 for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations Daniel C. Tsui, Robert B. Laughlin
1998 Physics Robert B. Laughlin πŸ“ Visalia, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1993-1998 for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations Daniel C. Tsui, Horst L. StΓΆrmer
1998 Chemistry John A. Pople πŸ“ Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Evanston, IL, USA 1993-1998 for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry Walter Kohn
1998 Chemistry Walter Kohn πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Santa Barbara, CA, USA 1993-1998 for his development of the density-functional theory John A. Pople
1998 Physiology or Medicine Ferid Murad πŸ“ Whiting, IN, USA πŸ”¬ Houston, TX, USA 1993-1998 for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system Louis J. Ignarro, Robert F. Furchgott
1998 Physiology or Medicine Louis J. Ignarro πŸ“ Brooklyn, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Los Angeles, CA, USA 1993-1998 for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system Ferid Murad, Robert F. Furchgott
1998 Physiology or Medicine Robert F. Furchgott πŸ“ Charleston, SC, USA πŸ”¬ Brooklyn, NY, USA 1993-1998 for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system Ferid Murad, Louis J. Ignarro
1998 Literature JosΓ© Saramago πŸ“ Azinhaga, Portugal πŸ”¬ Lisbon, Portugal 1993-1998 who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality -
1998 Peace David Trimble πŸ“ Belfast, Northern Ireland πŸ”¬ Belfast, Northern Ireland 1993-1998 for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland John Hume
1998 Peace John Hume πŸ“ Londonderry, Northern Ireland πŸ”¬ Londonderry, Northern Ireland 1993-1998 for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland David Trimble
1998 Economic Sciences Amartya Sen πŸ“ Santiniketan, India πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1993-1998 for his contributions to welfare economics -
1997 Physics Claude Cohen-Tannoudji πŸ“ Constantine, French Algeria πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1992-1997 for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light Steven Chu, William D. Phillips
1997 Physics Steven Chu πŸ“ St. Louis, MO, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1992-1997 for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips
1997 Physics William D. Phillips πŸ“ Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Gaithersburg, MD, USA 1992-1997 for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Steven Chu
1997 Chemistry Jens C. Skou πŸ“ Lemvig, Denmark πŸ”¬ Aarhus, Denmark 1992-1997 for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase John E. Walker, Paul D. Boyer
1997 Chemistry John E. Walker πŸ“ Halifax, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1992-1997 for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Jens C. Skou, Paul D. Boyer
1997 Chemistry Paul D. Boyer πŸ“ Provo, UT, USA πŸ”¬ Los Angeles, CA, USA 1992-1997 for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Jens C. Skou, John E. Walker
1997 Physiology or Medicine Stanley B. Prusiner πŸ“ Des Moines, IA, USA πŸ”¬ San Francisco, CA, USA 1992-1997 for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection -
1997 Literature Dario Fo πŸ“ Leggiuno-Sangiano, Italy πŸ”¬ Milan, Italy 1992-1997 who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden -
1997 Peace International Campaign to Ban Landmines πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1992-1997 for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines Jody Williams
1997 Peace Jody Williams πŸ“ Rutland, VT, USA πŸ”¬ Putney, Vermont 1992-1997 for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines International Campaign to Ban Landmines
1997 Economic Sciences Myron S. Scholes πŸ“ Timmins, ON, Canada πŸ”¬ Greenwich, CT, USA 1992-1997 for a new method to determine the value of derivatives Robert C. Merton
1997 Economic Sciences Robert C. Merton πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1992-1997 for a new method to determine the value of derivatives Myron S. Scholes
1996 Physics David M. Lee πŸ“ Rye, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Ithaca, NY, USA 1991-1996 for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3 Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson
1996 Physics Douglas D. Osheroff πŸ“ Aberdeen, WA, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1991-1996 for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3 David M. Lee, Robert C. Richardson
1996 Physics Robert C. Richardson πŸ“ Washington, D.C., USA πŸ”¬ Ithaca, NY, USA 1991-1996 for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff
1996 Chemistry Richard E. Smalley πŸ“ Akron, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Houston, TX, USA 1991-1996 for their discovery of fullerenes Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto
1996 Chemistry Robert F. Curl Jr. πŸ“ Alice, TX, USA πŸ”¬ Houston, TX, USA 1991-1996 for their discovery of fullerenes Richard E. Smalley, Sir Harold W. Kroto
1996 Chemistry Sir Harold W. Kroto πŸ“ Wisbech, Cambridgeshire , United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Brighton, United Kingdom 1991-1996 for their discovery of fullerenes Richard E. Smalley, Robert F. Curl Jr.
1996 Physiology or Medicine Peter C. Doherty πŸ“ Brisbane, Australia πŸ”¬ Memphis, TN, USA 1991-1996 for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1996 Physiology or Medicine Rolf M. Zinkernagel πŸ“ Basel, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Zurich, Switzerland 1991-1996 for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence Peter C. Doherty
1996 Literature WisΕ‚awa Szymborska πŸ“ Bnin, Poland πŸ”¬ KrakΓ³w, Poland 1991-1996 for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality -
1996 Peace Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo πŸ“ Wailacama, East Timor πŸ”¬ Dili, East Timor 1991-1996 for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor JosΓ© Ramos-Horta
1996 Peace JosΓ© Ramos-Horta πŸ“ Dili, East Timor πŸ”¬ Sydney, Australia 1991-1996 for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
1996 Economic Sciences James A. Mirrlees πŸ“ Minnigaff, Scotland πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1991-1996 for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information William Vickrey
1996 Economic Sciences William Vickrey πŸ“ Victoria, BC, Canada πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1991-1996 for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information James A. Mirrlees
1995 Physics Frederick Reines πŸ“ Paterson, NJ, USA πŸ”¬ Irvine, CA, USA 1990-1995 for the detection of the neutrino Martin L. Perl
1995 Physics Martin L. Perl πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1990-1995 for the discovery of the tau lepton Frederick Reines
1995 Chemistry F. Sherwood Rowland πŸ“ Delaware, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Irvine, CA, USA 1990-1995 for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone Mario J. Molina, Paul J. Crutzen
1995 Chemistry Mario J. Molina πŸ“ Mexico City, Mexico πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1990-1995 for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone F. Sherwood Rowland, Paul J. Crutzen
1995 Chemistry Paul J. Crutzen πŸ“ Amsterdam, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Mainz, Germany 1990-1995 for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone F. Sherwood Rowland, Mario J. Molina
1995 Physiology or Medicine Christiane NΓΌsslein-Volhard πŸ“ Magdeburg, Germany πŸ”¬ TΓΌbingen, Germany 1990-1995 for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development Edward B. Lewis, Eric F. Wieschaus
1995 Physiology or Medicine Edward B. Lewis πŸ“ Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1990-1995 for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development Christiane NΓΌsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus
1995 Physiology or Medicine Eric F. Wieschaus πŸ“ South Bend, IN, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1990-1995 for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development Christiane NΓΌsslein-Volhard, Edward B. Lewis
1995 Literature Seamus Heaney πŸ“ CasteldΓ wson, Northern Ireland πŸ”¬ Dublin, Ireland 1990-1995 for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past -
1995 Peace Joseph Rotblat πŸ“ Warsaw, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ London, England 1990-1995 for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
1995 Peace Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs πŸ“ Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada πŸ”¬ Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada 1990-1995 for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms Joseph Rotblat
1995 Economic Sciences Robert E. Lucas Jr. πŸ“ Yakima, WA, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1990-1995 for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy -
1994 Physics Bertram N. Brockhouse πŸ“ Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada πŸ”¬ Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 1989-1994 for the development of neutron spectroscopy Clifford G. Shull
1994 Physics Clifford G. Shull πŸ“ Pittsburgh, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1989-1994 for the development of the neutron diffraction technique Bertram N. Brockhouse
1994 Chemistry George A. Olah πŸ“ Budapest, Hungary πŸ”¬ Los Angeles, CA, USA 1989-1994 for his contribution to carbocation chemistry -
1994 Physiology or Medicine Alfred G. Gilman πŸ“ New Haven, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Dallas, TX, USA 1989-1994 for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells Martin Rodbell
1994 Physiology or Medicine Martin Rodbell πŸ“ Baltimore, MD, USA πŸ”¬ Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 1989-1994 for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells Alfred G. Gilman
1994 Literature Kenzaburo Oe πŸ“ Uchiko, Japan πŸ”¬ Tokyo, Japan 1989-1994 who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today -
1994 Peace Shimon Peres πŸ“ Vishneva, Poland πŸ”¬ Tel Aviv, Israel 1989-1994 for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin
1994 Peace Yasser Arafat πŸ“ Cairo, Egypt πŸ”¬ Tunis, Tunisia 1989-1994 for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin
1994 Peace Yitzhak Rabin πŸ“ Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine πŸ”¬ Tel Aviv, Israel 1989-1994 for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East Shimon Peres, Yasser Arafat
1994 Economic Sciences John C. Harsanyi πŸ“ Budapest, Hungary πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1989-1994 for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games John F. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten
1994 Economic Sciences John F. Nash Jr. πŸ“ Bluefield, WV, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1989-1994 for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games John C. Harsanyi, Reinhard Selten
1994 Economic Sciences Reinhard Selten πŸ“ Breslau, Germany πŸ”¬ Bonn, Germany 1989-1994 for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr.
1993 Physics Joseph H. Taylor Jr. πŸ“ Philadelphia, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1988-1993 for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation Russell A. Hulse
1993 Physics Russell A. Hulse πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1988-1993 for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
1993 Chemistry Kary B. Mullis πŸ“ Lenoir, NC, USA πŸ”¬ Emeryville, California, USA 1988-1993 for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method Michael Smith
1993 Chemistry Michael Smith πŸ“ Blackpool, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Vancouver, Canada 1988-1993 for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies Kary B. Mullis
1993 Physiology or Medicine Phillip A. Sharp πŸ“ Falmouth, KY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1988-1993 for their discoveries of split genes Richard J. Roberts
1993 Physiology or Medicine Richard J. Roberts πŸ“ Derby, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Beverly, MA, USA 1988-1993 for their discoveries of split genes Phillip A. Sharp
1993 Literature Toni Morrison πŸ“ Lorain, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Syracuse, New York 1988-1993 who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality -
1993 Peace Frederik Willem de Klerk πŸ“ Johannesburg, South Africa πŸ”¬ Cape Town, South Africa 1988-1993 for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
1993 Peace Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela πŸ“ Mvezo, South Africa πŸ”¬ Soweto, South Africa 1988-1993 for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa Frederik Willem de Klerk
1993 Economic Sciences Douglass C. North πŸ“ Cambridge, MA, USA πŸ”¬ St. Louis, MO, USA 1988-1993 for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change Robert W. Fogel
1993 Economic Sciences Robert W. Fogel πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1988-1993 for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change Douglass C. North
1992 Physics Georges Charpak πŸ“ Dabrovica, Poland πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1987-1992 for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber -
1992 Chemistry Rudolph A. Marcus πŸ“ Montreal, Canada πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1987-1992 for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems -
1992 Physiology or Medicine Edmond H. Fischer πŸ“ Shanghai, China πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 1987-1992 for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism Edwin G. Krebs
1992 Physiology or Medicine Edwin G. Krebs πŸ“ Lansing, IA, USA πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 1987-1992 for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism Edmond H. Fischer
1992 Literature Derek Walcott πŸ“ Castries, Saint Lucia πŸ”¬ Castries, Saint Lucia 1987-1992 for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment -
1992 Peace Rigoberta MenchΓΊ Tum πŸ“ Aldea Chimel, Guatemala πŸ”¬ Chimel, QuichΓ©, Guatemala 1987-1992 for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples -
1992 Economic Sciences Gary S. Becker πŸ“ Pottsville, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1987-1992 for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour -
1991 Physics Pierre-Gilles de Gennes πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1986-1991 for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers -
1991 Chemistry Richard R. Ernst πŸ“ Winterthur, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Zurich, Switzerland 1986-1991 for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy -
1991 Physiology or Medicine Bert Sakmann πŸ“ Stuttgart, Germany πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 1986-1991 for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells Erwin Neher
1991 Physiology or Medicine Erwin Neher πŸ“ Landsberg, Germany πŸ”¬ GΓΆttingen, Germany 1986-1991 for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells Bert Sakmann
1991 Literature Nadine Gordimer πŸ“ Springs, South Africa πŸ”¬ Johannesburg, South Africa 1986-1991 who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity -
1991 Peace Aung San Suu Kyi πŸ“ Rangoon, Burma πŸ”¬ Rangoon, Myanmar 1986-1991 for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights -
1991 Economic Sciences Ronald H. Coase πŸ“ Willesden, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1986-1991 for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy -
1990 Physics Henry W. Kendall πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1985-1990 for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics Jerome I. Friedman, Richard E. Taylor
1990 Physics Jerome I. Friedman πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1985-1990 for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor
1990 Physics Richard E. Taylor πŸ“ Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1985-1990 for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics Henry W. Kendall, Jerome I. Friedman
1990 Chemistry Elias James Corey πŸ“ Methuen, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1985-1990 for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis -
1990 Physiology or Medicine E. Donnall Thomas πŸ“ Mart, TX, USA πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 1985-1990 for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease Joseph E. Murray
1990 Physiology or Medicine Joseph E. Murray πŸ“ Milford, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 1985-1990 for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease E. Donnall Thomas
1990 Literature Octavio Paz πŸ“ Mexico City, Mexico πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1985-1990 for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity -
1990 Peace Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev πŸ“ Privolnoye, USSR πŸ”¬ Moscow, Russia 1985-1990 for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations -
1990 Economic Sciences Harry M. Markowitz πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1985-1990 for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics Merton H. Miller, William F. Sharpe
1990 Economic Sciences Merton H. Miller πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1985-1990 for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics Harry M. Markowitz, William F. Sharpe
1990 Economic Sciences William F. Sharpe πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1985-1990 for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller
1989 Physics Hans G. Dehmelt πŸ“ GΓΆrlitz, Prussia πŸ”¬ Seattle, WA, USA 1984-1989 for the development of the ion trap technique Norman F. Ramsey, Wolfgang Paul
1989 Physics Norman F. Ramsey πŸ“ Washington, D.C., USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1984-1989 for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul
1989 Physics Wolfgang Paul πŸ“ Lorenzkirch, Germany πŸ”¬ Bonn, Germany 1984-1989 for the development of the ion trap technique Hans G. Dehmelt, Norman F. Ramsey
1989 Chemistry Sidney Altman πŸ“ Montreal, Canada πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 1984-1989 for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA Thomas R. Cech
1989 Chemistry Thomas R. Cech πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Boulder, CO, USA 1984-1989 for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA Sidney Altman
1989 Physiology or Medicine Harold E. Varmus πŸ“ Oceanside, NY, USA πŸ”¬ San Francisco, CA, USA 1984-1989 for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes J. Michael Bishop
1989 Physiology or Medicine J. Michael Bishop πŸ“ York, PA, USA πŸ”¬ San Francisco, CA, USA 1984-1989 for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes Harold E. Varmus
1989 Literature Camilo JosΓ© Cela πŸ“ Iria Flavia, Spain πŸ”¬ Madrid, Spain 1984-1989 for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability -
1989 Peace The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) πŸ“ Taktser, Tibet πŸ”¬ Dharamshala, India 1984-1989 for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people -
1989 Economic Sciences Trygve Haavelmo πŸ“ Skedsmo, Norway πŸ”¬ Oslo, Norway 1984-1989 for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures -
1988 Physics Jack Steinberger πŸ“ Bad Kissingen, Germany πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1983-1988 for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz
1988 Physics Leon M. Lederman πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Batavia, IL, USA 1983-1988 for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino Jack Steinberger, Melvin Schwartz
1988 Physics Melvin Schwartz πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Mountain View, CA, USA 1983-1988 for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino Jack Steinberger, Leon M. Lederman
1988 Chemistry Hartmut Michel πŸ“ Ludwigsburg, West Germany πŸ”¬ Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany 1983-1988 for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber
1988 Chemistry Johann Deisenhofer πŸ“ Zusamaltheim, Germany πŸ”¬ Dallas, TX, USA 1983-1988 for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre Hartmut Michel, Robert Huber
1988 Chemistry Robert Huber πŸ“ Munich, Germany πŸ”¬ Martinsried, Germany 1983-1988 for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre Hartmut Michel, Johann Deisenhofer
1988 Physiology or Medicine George H. Hitchings πŸ“ Hoquiam, WA, USA πŸ”¬ Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 1983-1988 for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment Gertrude B. Elion, Sir James W. Black
1988 Physiology or Medicine Gertrude B. Elion πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 1983-1988 for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment George H. Hitchings, Sir James W. Black
1988 Physiology or Medicine Sir James W. Black πŸ“ Uddingston, Scotland πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1983-1988 for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment George H. Hitchings, Gertrude B. Elion
1988 Literature Naguib Mahfouz πŸ“ Cairo, Egypt πŸ”¬ Cairo, Egypt 1983-1988 who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind -
1988 Peace United Nations Peacekeeping Forces πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1983-1988 for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations -
1988 Economic Sciences Maurice Allais πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1983-1988 for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources -
1987 Physics J. Georg Bednorz πŸ“ Neuenkirchen, West Germany πŸ”¬ RΓΌschlikon, Switzerland 1982-1987 for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials K. Alexander MΓΌller
1987 Physics K. Alexander MΓΌller πŸ“ Basel, Switzerland πŸ”¬ RΓΌschlikon, Switzerland 1982-1987 for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials J. Georg Bednorz
1987 Chemistry Charles J. Pedersen πŸ“ Pusan, Korea πŸ”¬ Wilmington, DE, USA 1982-1987 for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn
1987 Chemistry Donald J. Cram πŸ“ Chester, VT, USA πŸ”¬ Los Angeles, CA, USA 1982-1987 for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity Charles J. Pedersen, Jean-Marie Lehn
1987 Chemistry Jean-Marie Lehn πŸ“ Rosheim, France πŸ”¬ Strasbourg, France 1982-1987 for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity Charles J. Pedersen, Donald J. Cram
1987 Physiology or Medicine Susumu Tonegawa πŸ“ Nagoya, Japan πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1982-1987 for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity -
1987 Literature Joseph Brodsky πŸ“ Leningrad, USSR πŸ”¬ St. Petersburg, Russia 1982-1987 for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity -
1987 Peace Oscar Arias SΓ‘nchez πŸ“ Heredia, Costa Rica πŸ”¬ San JoséŽ, Costa Rica 1982-1987 for his work for lasting peace in Central America -
1987 Economic Sciences Robert M. Solow πŸ“ Brooklyn, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1982-1987 for his contributions to the theory of economic growth -
1986 Physics Ernst Ruska πŸ“ Heidelberg, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1981-1986 for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
1986 Physics Gerd Binnig πŸ“ Frankfurt-on-the-Main, West Germany πŸ”¬ RΓΌschlikon, Switzerland 1981-1986 for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope Ernst Ruska, Heinrich Rohrer
1986 Physics Heinrich Rohrer πŸ“ Buchs, Switzerland πŸ”¬ RΓΌschlikon, Switzerland 1981-1986 for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig
1986 Chemistry Dudley R. Herschbach πŸ“ San JosΓ©, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1981-1986 for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes John C. Polanyi, Yuan T. Lee
1986 Chemistry John C. Polanyi πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ Toronto, Canada 1981-1986 for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee
1986 Chemistry Yuan T. Lee πŸ“ Hsinchu, Taiwan πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1981-1986 for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes Dudley R. Herschbach, John C. Polanyi
1986 Physiology or Medicine Rita Levi-Montalcini πŸ“ Turin, Italy πŸ”¬ Rome, Italy 1981-1986 for their discoveries of growth factors Stanley Cohen
1986 Physiology or Medicine Stanley Cohen πŸ“ Brooklyn, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Nashville, TN, USA 1981-1986 for their discoveries of growth factors Rita Levi-Montalcini
1986 Literature Wole Soyinka πŸ“ Abeokuta, Nigeria πŸ”¬ Kaduna, Nigeria 1981-1986 who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence -
1986 Peace Elie Wiesel πŸ“ Sighet, Romania πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1981-1986 for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace, atonement and dignity -
1986 Economic Sciences James M. Buchanan Jr. πŸ“ Murfreesboro, TN, USA πŸ”¬ Fairfax, VA, USA 1981-1986 for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making -
1985 Physics Klaus von Klitzing πŸ“ Schroda, German-occupied Poland πŸ”¬ Stuttgart, Germany 1980-1985 for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect -
1985 Chemistry Herbert A. Hauptman πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Buffalo, NY, USA 1980-1985 for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures Jerome Karle
1985 Chemistry Jerome Karle πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Washington, D.C., USA 1980-1985 for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures Herbert A. Hauptman
1985 Physiology or Medicine Joseph L. Goldstein πŸ“ Sumter, SC, USA πŸ”¬ Dallas, TX, USA 1980-1985 for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism Michael S. Brown
1985 Physiology or Medicine Michael S. Brown πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Dallas, TX, USA 1980-1985 for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism Joseph L. Goldstein
1985 Literature Claude Simon πŸ“ Tananarive, Madagascar πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1980-1985 who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition -
1985 Peace International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War πŸ“ Boston, Massachusetts, USA πŸ”¬ Boston, Massachusetts, USA 1980-1985 for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war -
1985 Economic Sciences Franco Modigliani πŸ“ Rome, Italy πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1980-1985 for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets -
1984 Physics Carlo Rubbia πŸ“ Gorizia, Italy πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1979-1984 for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction Simon van der Meer
1984 Physics Simon van der Meer πŸ“ the Hague, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1979-1984 for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction Carlo Rubbia
1984 Chemistry Robert Bruce Merrifield πŸ“ Fort Worth, TX, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1979-1984 for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix -
1984 Physiology or Medicine CΓ©sar Milstein πŸ“ Bahia Blanca, Argentina πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1979-1984 for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies Georges J.F. KΓΆhler, Niels K. Jerne
1984 Physiology or Medicine Georges J.F. KΓΆhler πŸ“ Munich, Germany πŸ”¬ Basel, Switzerland 1979-1984 for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies CΓ©sar Milstein, Niels K. Jerne
1984 Physiology or Medicine Niels K. Jerne πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Basel, Switzerland 1979-1984 for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies CΓ©sar Milstein, Georges J.F. KΓΆhler
1984 Literature Jaroslav Seifert πŸ“ Prague, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Prague, Czech Republic 1979-1984 for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man -
1984 Peace Desmond Mpilo Tutu πŸ“ Klerksdorp, South Africa πŸ”¬ Soweto, South Africa 1979-1984 for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa -
1984 Economic Sciences Richard Stone πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1979-1984 for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis -
1983 Physics Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar πŸ“ Lahore, India πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1978-1983 for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars William Alfred Fowler
1983 Physics William Alfred Fowler πŸ“ Pittsburgh, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1978-1983 for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1983 Chemistry Henry Taube πŸ“ Neudorf, Canada πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1978-1983 for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes -
1983 Physiology or Medicine Barbara McClintock πŸ“ Hartford, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA 1978-1983 for her discovery of mobile genetic elements -
1983 Literature William Golding πŸ“ Newquay, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Salisbury, England 1978-1983 for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today -
1983 Peace Lech WaΕ‚Δ™sa πŸ“ Popowo, Poland πŸ”¬ GdaΕ„sk, Poland 1978-1983 for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland -
1983 Economic Sciences Gerard Debreu πŸ“ Calais, France πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1978-1983 for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium -
1982 Physics Kenneth G. Wilson πŸ“ Waltham, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Ithaca, NY, USA 1977-1982 for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions -
1982 Chemistry Aaron Klug πŸ“ Zelvas, Lithuania πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1977-1982 for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes -
1982 Physiology or Medicine Bengt I. Samuelsson πŸ“ Halmstad, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1977-1982 for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances John R. Vane, Sune K. BergstrΓΆm
1982 Physiology or Medicine John R. Vane πŸ“ Tardebigg, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Beckenham, United Kingdom 1977-1982 for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances Bengt I. Samuelsson, Sune K. BergstrΓΆm
1982 Physiology or Medicine Sune K. BergstrΓΆm πŸ“ Stockholm, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1977-1982 for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane
1982 Literature Gabriel GarcΓ­a MΓ‘rquez πŸ“ Aracataca, Colombia πŸ”¬ Mexico City, Mexico 1977-1982 for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts -
1982 Peace Alfonso GarcΓ­a Robles πŸ“ Zamora, Mexico πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1977-1982 for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones Alva Myrdal
1982 Peace Alva Myrdal πŸ“ Uppsala, Sweden πŸ”¬ Bromma, Sweden 1977-1982 for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones Alfonso GarcΓ­a Robles
1982 Economic Sciences George J. Stigler πŸ“ Renton, WA, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1977-1982 for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation -
1981 Physics Arthur Leonard Schawlow πŸ“ Mount Vernon, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1976-1981 for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy Kai M. Siegbahn, Nicolaas Bloembergen
1981 Physics Kai M. Siegbahn πŸ“ Lund, Sweden πŸ”¬ Uppsala, Sweden 1976-1981 for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Nicolaas Bloembergen
1981 Physics Nicolaas Bloembergen πŸ“ Dordrecht, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1976-1981 for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn
1981 Chemistry Kenichi Fukui πŸ“ Nara, Japan πŸ”¬ Kyoto, Japan 1976-1981 for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions Roald Hoffmann
1981 Chemistry Roald Hoffmann πŸ“ Zloczov, Poland πŸ”¬ Ithaca, NY, USA 1976-1981 for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions Kenichi Fukui
1981 Physiology or Medicine David H. Hubel πŸ“ Windsor, ON, Canada πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 1976-1981 for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system Roger W. Sperry, Torsten N. Wiesel
1981 Physiology or Medicine Roger W. Sperry πŸ“ Hartford, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1976-1981 for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel
1981 Physiology or Medicine Torsten N. Wiesel πŸ“ Uppsala, Sweden πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 1976-1981 for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system David H. Hubel, Roger W. Sperry
1981 Literature Elias Canetti πŸ“ Ruse, Bulgaria πŸ”¬ Vienna, Austria 1976-1981 for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power -
1981 Peace Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1976-1981 for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees -
1981 Economic Sciences James Tobin πŸ“ Champaign, IL, USA πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 1976-1981 for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices -
1980 Physics James Watson Cronin πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1975-1980 for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons Val Logsdon Fitch
1980 Physics Val Logsdon Fitch πŸ“ Merriman, NE, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1975-1980 for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons James Watson Cronin
1980 Chemistry Frederick Sanger πŸ“ Rendcombe, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1975-1980 for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert
1980 Chemistry Paul Berg πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1975-1980 for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA Frederick Sanger, Walter Gilbert
1980 Chemistry Walter Gilbert πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1975-1980 for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids Frederick Sanger, Paul Berg
1980 Physiology or Medicine Baruj Benacerraf πŸ“ Caracas, Venezuela πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 1975-1980 for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions George D. Snell, Jean Dausset
1980 Physiology or Medicine George D. Snell πŸ“ Bradford, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Bar Harbor, ME, USA 1975-1980 for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset
1980 Physiology or Medicine Jean Dausset πŸ“ Toulouse, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1975-1980 for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions Baruj Benacerraf, George D. Snell
1980 Literature CzesΕ‚aw MiΕ‚osz πŸ“ Śeteniai, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Berkeley, California, USA 1975-1980 who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts -
1980 Peace Adolfo PΓ©rez Esquivel πŸ“ Buenos Aires, Argentina πŸ”¬ Buenos Aires, Argentina 1975-1980 for being a source of inspiration to repressed people, especially in Latin America -
1980 Economic Sciences Lawrence R. Klein πŸ“ Omaha, NE, USA πŸ”¬ Philadelphia, PA, USA 1975-1980 for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies -
1979 Physics Abdus Salam πŸ“ Jhang Maghiāna, India πŸ”¬ Trieste, Italy 1974-1979 for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current Sheldon Lee Glashow, Steven Weinberg
1979 Physics Sheldon Lee Glashow πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1974-1979 for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg
1979 Physics Steven Weinberg πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1974-1979 for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current Abdus Salam, Sheldon Lee Glashow
1979 Chemistry Georg Wittig πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 1974-1979 for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis Herbert C. Brown
1979 Chemistry Herbert C. Brown πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ West Lafayette, IN, USA 1974-1979 for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis Georg Wittig
1979 Physiology or Medicine Allan M. Cormack πŸ“ Johannesburg, South Africa πŸ”¬ Medford, MA, USA 1974-1979 for the development of computer assisted tomography Godfrey N. Hounsfield
1979 Physiology or Medicine Godfrey N. Hounsfield πŸ“ Newark, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1974-1979 for the development of computer assisted tomography Allan M. Cormack
1979 Literature Odysseus Elytis πŸ“ IrΓ‘klion, Crete πŸ”¬ Athens, Greece 1974-1979 for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness -
1979 Peace Mother Teresa πŸ“ Uskup, Ottoman Empire πŸ”¬ Calcutta, India 1974-1979 for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity -
1979 Economic Sciences Sir Arthur Lewis πŸ“ Castries, British West Indies πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1974-1979 for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries Theodore W. Schultz
1979 Economic Sciences Theodore W. Schultz πŸ“ Arlington, SD, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1974-1979 for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries Sir Arthur Lewis
1978 Physics Arno Allan Penzias πŸ“ Munich, Germany πŸ”¬ Holmdel, NJ, USA 1973-1978 for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Robert Woodrow Wilson
1978 Physics Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa πŸ“ Kronshtadt, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1973-1978 for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson
1978 Physics Robert Woodrow Wilson πŸ“ Houston, TX, USA πŸ”¬ Holmdel, NJ, USA 1973-1978 for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation Arno Allan Penzias, Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
1978 Chemistry Peter D. Mitchell πŸ“ Mitcham, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Bodmin, United Kingdom 1973-1978 for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory -
1978 Physiology or Medicine Daniel Nathans πŸ“ Wilmington, DE, USA πŸ”¬ Baltimore, MD, USA 1973-1978 for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics Hamilton O. Smith, Werner Arber
1978 Physiology or Medicine Hamilton O. Smith πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Baltimore, MD, USA 1973-1978 for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber
1978 Physiology or Medicine Werner Arber πŸ“ GrΓ€nichen, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Basel, Switzerland 1973-1978 for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith
1978 Literature Isaac Bashevis Singer πŸ“ Leoncin, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1973-1978 for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life -
1978 Peace Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat πŸ“ Mit Abu al-Kawm, Egypt πŸ”¬ Cairo, Egypt 1973-1978 for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978 Menachem Begin
1978 Peace Menachem Begin πŸ“ Brest Litovsk, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Jerusalem, Israel 1973-1978 for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978 Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat
1978 Economic Sciences Herbert A. Simon πŸ“ Milwaukee, WI, USA πŸ”¬ Pittsburgh, PA, USA 1973-1978 for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations -
1977 Physics John Hasbrouck Van Vleck πŸ“ Middletown, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1972-1977 for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott
1977 Physics Philip Warren Anderson πŸ“ Indianapolis, IN, USA πŸ”¬ Murray Hill, NJ, USA 1972-1977 for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, Sir Nevill Francis Mott
1977 Physics Sir Nevill Francis Mott πŸ“ Leeds, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1972-1977 for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, Philip Warren Anderson
1977 Chemistry Ilya Romanovich Prigogine πŸ“ Moscow, Russia πŸ”¬ Brussels, Belgium 1972-1977 for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures -
1977 Physiology or Medicine Andrew V. Schally πŸ“ Wilno, Poland πŸ”¬ New Orleans, LA, USA 1972-1977 for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain Roger Guillemin, Rosalyn Yalow
1977 Physiology or Medicine Roger Guillemin πŸ“ Dijon, France πŸ”¬ San Diego, CA, USA 1972-1977 for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow
1977 Physiology or Medicine Rosalyn Yalow πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Bronx, NY, USA 1972-1977 for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones Andrew V. Schally, Roger Guillemin
1977 Literature Vicente Aleixandre πŸ“ Sevilla, Spain πŸ”¬ Madrid, Spain 1972-1977 for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars -
1977 Peace Amnesty International πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1972-1977 for worldwide respect for human rights -
1977 Economic Sciences Bertil Ohlin πŸ“ Klippan, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1972-1977 for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements James E. Meade
1977 Economic Sciences James E. Meade πŸ“ Swanage, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1972-1977 for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements Bertil Ohlin
1976 Physics Burton Richter πŸ“ Brooklyn, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1971-1976 for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind Samuel Chao Chung Ting
1976 Physics Samuel Chao Chung Ting πŸ“ Ann Arbor, MI, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1971-1976 for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind Burton Richter
1976 Chemistry William N. Lipscomb πŸ“ Cleveland, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1971-1976 for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding -
1976 Physiology or Medicine Baruch S. Blumberg πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Philadelphia, PA, USA 1971-1976 for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases D. Carleton Gajdusek
1976 Physiology or Medicine D. Carleton Gajdusek πŸ“ Yonkers, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Bethesda, MD, USA 1971-1976 for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases Baruch S. Blumberg
1976 Literature Saul Bellow πŸ“ Lachine, Quebec, Canada πŸ”¬ University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA 1971-1976 for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work -
1976 Peace Elizabeth Williams πŸ“ Belfast, Northern Ireland πŸ”¬ Belfast, Northern Ireland 1971-1976 for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland Mairead Corrigan
1976 Peace Mairead Corrigan πŸ“ Belfast, Northern Ireland πŸ”¬ Belfast, Northern Ireland 1971-1976 for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland Elizabeth Williams
1976 Economic Sciences Milton Friedman πŸ“ Brooklyn, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1971-1976 for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy -
1975 Physics Aage Niels Bohr πŸ“ Copenhagen, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1970-1975 for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection Ben Roy Mottelson, Leo James Rainwater
1975 Physics Ben Roy Mottelson πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1970-1975 for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection Aage Niels Bohr, Leo James Rainwater
1975 Physics Leo James Rainwater πŸ“ Council, ID, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1970-1975 for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson
1975 Chemistry John Warcup Cornforth πŸ“ Sydney, Australia πŸ”¬ Brighton, United Kingdom 1970-1975 for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions Vladimir Prelog
1975 Chemistry Vladimir Prelog πŸ“ Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Zurich, Switzerland 1970-1975 for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions John Warcup Cornforth
1975 Physiology or Medicine David Baltimore πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1970-1975 for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell Howard Martin Temin, Renato Dulbecco
1975 Physiology or Medicine Howard Martin Temin πŸ“ Philadelphia, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Madison, WI, USA 1970-1975 for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco
1975 Physiology or Medicine Renato Dulbecco πŸ“ Catanzaro, Italy πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1970-1975 for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell David Baltimore, Howard Martin Temin
1975 Literature Eugenio Montale πŸ“ Genoa, Italy πŸ”¬ Milan, Italy 1970-1975 for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions -
1975 Peace Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov πŸ“ Moscow, Russia πŸ”¬ Moscow, Russia 1970-1975 for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union, for disarmament and cooperation between all nations -
1975 Economic Sciences Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich πŸ“ St. Petersburg, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1970-1975 for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources Tjalling C. Koopmans
1975 Economic Sciences Tjalling C. Koopmans πŸ“ 's Graveland, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 1970-1975 for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
1974 Physics Antony Hewish πŸ“ Fowey, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1969-1974 for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars Sir Martin Ryle
1974 Physics Sir Martin Ryle πŸ“ Brighton, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1969-1974 for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars Antony Hewish
1974 Chemistry Paul J. Flory πŸ“ Sterling, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1969-1974 for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules -
1974 Physiology or Medicine Albert Claude πŸ“ Longlier, Belgium πŸ”¬ Louvain, Belgium 1969-1974 for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell Christian de Duve, George E. Palade
1974 Physiology or Medicine Christian de Duve πŸ“ Thames Ditton, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1969-1974 for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell Albert Claude, George E. Palade
1974 Physiology or Medicine George E. Palade πŸ“ Iasi, Romania πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 1969-1974 for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell Albert Claude, Christian de Duve
1974 Literature Eyvind Johnson πŸ“ SvartbjΓΆrnsbyn, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1969-1974 for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom Harry Martinson
1974 Literature Harry Martinson πŸ“ JΓ€mshΓΆg, Sweden πŸ”¬ SΓΆdermanland, Sweden 1969-1974 for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos Eyvind Johnson
1974 Peace Eisaku Satō πŸ“ Tabuse, Japan πŸ”¬ Tokyo, Japan 1969-1974 for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty SeΓ‘n MacBride
1974 Peace SeΓ‘n MacBride πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Dublin, Ireland 1969-1974 for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world Eisaku Satō
1974 Economic Sciences Friedrich August von Hayek πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Freiburg, Germany 1969-1974 for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena Gunnar Myrdal
1974 Economic Sciences Gunnar Myrdal πŸ“ Skattungbyn, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1969-1974 for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena Friedrich August von Hayek
1973 Physics Brian David Josephson πŸ“ Cardiff, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1968-1973 for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects Ivar Giaever, Leo Esaki
1973 Physics Ivar Giaever πŸ“ Bergen, Norway πŸ”¬ Schenectady, NY, USA 1968-1973 for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively Brian David Josephson, Leo Esaki
1973 Physics Leo Esaki πŸ“ Osaka, Japan πŸ”¬ Yorktown Heights, NY, USA 1968-1973 for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively Brian David Josephson, Ivar Giaever
1973 Chemistry Ernst Otto Fischer πŸ“ Munich, Germany πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1968-1973 for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds Geoffrey Wilkinson
1973 Chemistry Geoffrey Wilkinson πŸ“ Todmorden, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1968-1973 for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds Ernst Otto Fischer
1973 Physiology or Medicine Karl von Frisch πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1968-1973 for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen
1973 Physiology or Medicine Konrad Lorenz πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Seewiesen, Germany 1968-1973 for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns Karl von Frisch, Nikolaas Tinbergen
1973 Physiology or Medicine Nikolaas Tinbergen πŸ“ the Hague, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1968-1973 for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz
1973 Literature Patrick White πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Sydney, Australia 1968-1973 for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature -
1973 Peace Henry Alfred Kissinger πŸ“ FΓΌrth, Germany πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1968-1973 for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973 Le Duc Tho
1973 Peace Le Duc Tho πŸ“ Nam Ha province, Vietnam πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1968-1973 for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973 Henry Alfred Kissinger
1973 Economic Sciences Wassily Wassilyevich Leontief πŸ“ St. Petersburg, Russia πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1968-1973 for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems -
1972 Physics John Bardeen πŸ“ Madison, WI, USA πŸ”¬ Urbana, IL, USA 1967-1972 for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory Leon Neil Cooper, John Robert Schrieffer
1972 Physics Leon Neil Cooper πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Providence, RI, USA 1967-1972 for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory John Bardeen, John Robert Schrieffer
1972 Physics John Robert Schrieffer πŸ“ Oak Park, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Philadelphia, PA, USA 1967-1972 for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper
1972 Chemistry Christian B. Anfinsen πŸ“ Monessen, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Bethesda, MD, USA 1967-1972 for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
1972 Chemistry Stanford Moore πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1967-1972 for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule Christian B. Anfinsen, William H. Stein
1972 Chemistry William H. Stein πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1967-1972 for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore
1972 Physiology or Medicine Gerald M. Edelman πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1967-1972 for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies Rodney R. Porter
1972 Physiology or Medicine Rodney R. Porter πŸ“ Newton-le-Willows, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1967-1972 for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies Gerald M. Edelman
1972 Literature Heinrich BΓΆll πŸ“ Cologne, Germany πŸ”¬ Cologne, Germany 1967-1972 for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature -
1972 Economic Sciences John R. Hicks πŸ“ Warwick, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1967-1972 for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory Kenneth J. Arrow
1972 Economic Sciences Kenneth J. Arrow πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1967-1972 for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory John R. Hicks
1971 Physics Dennis Gabor πŸ“ Budapest, Hungary πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1966-1971 for his invention and development of the holographic method -
1971 Chemistry Gerhard Herzberg πŸ“ Hamburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Ottawa, Canada 1966-1971 for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals -
1971 Physiology or Medicine Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. πŸ“ Burlingame, KS, USA πŸ”¬ Nashville, TN, USA 1966-1971 for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones -
1971 Literature Pablo Neruda πŸ“ Parral, Chile πŸ”¬ Santiago, Chile 1966-1971 for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams -
1971 Peace Willy Brandt πŸ“ LΓΌbeck, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1966-1971 for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West -
1971 Economic Sciences Simon Kuznets πŸ“ Pinsk, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1966-1971 for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development -
1970 Physics Hannes Olof GΓΆsta AlfvΓ©n πŸ“ NorrkΓΆping, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1965-1970 for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics Louis EugΓ¨ne FΓ©lix NΓ©el
1970 Physics Louis EugΓ¨ne FΓ©lix NΓ©el πŸ“ Lyon, France πŸ”¬ Grenoble, France 1965-1970 for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics Hannes Olof GΓΆsta AlfvΓ©n
1970 Chemistry Luis F. Leloir πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Buenos Aires, Argentina 1965-1970 for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates -
1970 Physiology or Medicine Julius Axelrod πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Bethesda, MD, USA 1965-1970 for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler
1970 Physiology or Medicine Sir Bernard Katz πŸ“ Leipzig, Germany πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1965-1970 for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation Julius Axelrod, Ulf von Euler
1970 Physiology or Medicine Ulf von Euler πŸ“ Stockholm, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1965-1970 for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation Julius Axelrod, Sir Bernard Katz
1970 Literature Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn πŸ“ Kislovodsk, Russia πŸ”¬ Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan 1965-1970 for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature -
1970 Peace Norman Ernest Borlaug πŸ“ Cresco, IA, USA πŸ”¬ Mexico City, Mexico 1965-1970 for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution -
1970 Economic Sciences Paul A. Samuelson πŸ“ Gary, IN, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1965-1970 for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science -
1969 Physics Murray Gell-Mann πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1964-1969 for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions -
1969 Chemistry Derek H. R. Barton πŸ“ Gravesend, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1964-1969 for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry Odd Hassel
1969 Chemistry Odd Hassel πŸ“ Kristiania, Norway πŸ”¬ Oslo, Norway 1964-1969 for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry Derek H. R. Barton
1969 Physiology or Medicine Alfred D. Hershey πŸ“ Owosso, MI, USA πŸ”¬ Long Island, New York, NY, USA 1964-1969 for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses Max DelbrΓΌck, Salvador E. Luria
1969 Physiology or Medicine Max DelbrΓΌck πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1964-1969 for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria
1969 Physiology or Medicine Salvador E. Luria πŸ“ Turin, Italy πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1964-1969 for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses Alfred D. Hershey, Max DelbrΓΌck
1969 Literature Samuel Beckett πŸ“ Dublin, Ireland πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1964-1969 for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation -
1969 Peace International Labour Organization πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1964-1969 for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country -
1969 Economic Sciences Jan Tinbergen πŸ“ the Hague, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Rotterdam, the Netherlands 1964-1969 for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes Ragnar Frisch
1969 Economic Sciences Ragnar Frisch πŸ“ Oslo, Norway πŸ”¬ Oslo, Norway 1964-1969 for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes Jan Tinbergen
1968 Physics Luis Walter Alvarez πŸ“ San Francisco, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1963-1968 for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis -
1968 Chemistry Lars Onsager πŸ“ Kristiania, Norway πŸ”¬ New Haven, CT, USA 1963-1968 for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes -
1968 Physiology or Medicine Har Gobind Khorana πŸ“ Raipur, India πŸ”¬ Madison, WI, USA 1963-1968 for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis Marshall W. Nirenberg, Robert W. Holley
1968 Physiology or Medicine Marshall W. Nirenberg πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Bethesda, MD, USA 1963-1968 for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis Har Gobind Khorana, Robert W. Holley
1968 Physiology or Medicine Robert W. Holley πŸ“ Urbana, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Ithaca, NY, USA 1963-1968 for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
1968 Literature Yasunari Kawabata πŸ“ Osaka, Japan πŸ”¬ Yuzawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan 1963-1968 for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind -
1968 Peace RenΓ© Cassin πŸ“ Bayonne, France πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1963-1968 for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration -
1967 Physics Hans Albrecht Bethe πŸ“ Strasbourg, Germany πŸ”¬ Ithaca, NY, USA 1962-1967 for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars -
1967 Chemistry George Porter πŸ“ Stainforth, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1962-1967 for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
1967 Chemistry Manfred Eigen πŸ“ Bochum, Germany πŸ”¬ GΓΆttingen, Germany 1962-1967 for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy George Porter, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
1967 Chemistry Ronald George Wreyford Norrish πŸ“ Cambridge, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1962-1967 for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy George Porter, Manfred Eigen
1967 Physiology or Medicine George Wald πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1962-1967 for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye Haldan Keffer Hartline, Ragnar Granit
1967 Physiology or Medicine Haldan Keffer Hartline πŸ“ Bloomsburg, PA, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1962-1967 for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye George Wald, Ragnar Granit
1967 Physiology or Medicine Ragnar Granit πŸ“ Helsinki, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1962-1967 for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye George Wald, Haldan Keffer Hartline
1967 Literature Miguel Angel Asturias πŸ“ Guatemala City, Guatemala πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1962-1967 for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America -
1966 Physics Alfred Kastler πŸ“ Guebwiller, Germany πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1961-1966 for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms -
1966 Chemistry Robert S. Mulliken πŸ“ Newburyport, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1961-1966 for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method -
1966 Physiology or Medicine Charles Brenton Huggins πŸ“ Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1961-1966 for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer Peyton Rous
1966 Physiology or Medicine Peyton Rous πŸ“ Baltimore, MD, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1961-1966 for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses Charles Brenton Huggins
1966 Literature Nelly Sachs πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1961-1966 for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength Shmuel Yosef Agnon
1966 Literature Shmuel Yosef Agnon πŸ“ Buczacz, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Jerusalem, Israel 1961-1966 for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people Nelly Sachs
1965 Physics Julian Schwinger πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1960-1965 for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles Richard P. Feynman, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
1965 Physics Richard P. Feynman πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1960-1965 for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles Julian Schwinger, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
1965 Physics Sin-Itiro Tomonaga πŸ“ Kyoto, Japan πŸ”¬ Tokyo, Japan 1960-1965 for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman
1965 Chemistry Robert Burns Woodward πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1960-1965 for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis -
1965 Physiology or Medicine AndrΓ© Lwoff πŸ“ Ainay-le-ChΓ’teau, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1960-1965 for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis FranΓ§ois Jacob, Jacques Monod
1965 Physiology or Medicine FranΓ§ois Jacob πŸ“ Nancy, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1960-1965 for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis AndrΓ© Lwoff, Jacques Monod
1965 Physiology or Medicine Jacques Monod πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1960-1965 for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis AndrΓ© Lwoff, FranΓ§ois Jacob
1965 Literature Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov πŸ“ Veshenskaya, Russia πŸ”¬ Vyoshenskaya, Russia 1960-1965 for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people -
1965 Peace United Nations Children's Fund πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1960-1965 for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states -
1964 Physics Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov πŸ“ Atherton, Australia πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1959-1964 for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov
1964 Physics Charles Hard Townes πŸ“ Greenville, SC, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1959-1964 for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov
1964 Physics Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov πŸ“ Usman, USSR πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1959-1964 for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov, Charles Hard Townes
1964 Chemistry Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin πŸ“ Cairo, Egypt πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1959-1964 for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances -
1964 Physiology or Medicine Feodor Lynen πŸ“ Munich, Germany πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1959-1964 for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism Konrad Bloch
1964 Physiology or Medicine Konrad Bloch πŸ“ Neisse, Germany πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1959-1964 for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism Feodor Lynen
1964 Literature Jean-Paul Sartre πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1959-1964 for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age -
1964 Peace Martin Luther King Jr. πŸ“ Atlanta, GA, USA πŸ”¬ Atlanta, Georgia 1959-1964 for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population -
1963 Physics Eugene Paul Wigner πŸ“ Budapest, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1958-1963 for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles J. Hans D. Jensen, Maria Goeppert Mayer
1963 Physics J. Hans D. Jensen πŸ“ Hamburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 1958-1963 for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert Mayer
1963 Physics Maria Goeppert Mayer πŸ“ Kattowitz, Germany πŸ”¬ San Diego, CA, USA 1958-1963 for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure Eugene Paul Wigner, J. Hans D. Jensen
1963 Chemistry Giulio Natta πŸ“ Imperia, Italy πŸ”¬ Milan, Italy 1958-1963 for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers Karl Ziegler
1963 Chemistry Karl Ziegler πŸ“ Helsa, Germany πŸ”¬ MΓΌlheim an der Ruhr, Germany 1958-1963 for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers Giulio Natta
1963 Physiology or Medicine Alan Lloyd Hodgkin πŸ“ Banbury, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1958-1963 for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane Andrew Fielding Huxley, Sir John Carew Eccles
1963 Physiology or Medicine Andrew Fielding Huxley πŸ“ Hampstead, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1958-1963 for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Sir John Carew Eccles
1963 Physiology or Medicine Sir John Carew Eccles πŸ“ Melbourne, Australia πŸ”¬ Canberra, Australia 1958-1963 for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley
1963 Literature Giorgos Seferis πŸ“ Smyrna, Ottoman Empire πŸ”¬ Athens, Greece 1958-1963 for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture -
1963 Peace International Committee of the Red Cross πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1958-1963 for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN League of Red Cross Societies
1963 Peace League of Red Cross Societies πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1958-1963 for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN International Committee of the Red Cross
1962 Physics Lev Davidovich Landau πŸ“ Baku, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1957-1962 for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium -
1962 Chemistry John Cowdery Kendrew πŸ“ Oxford, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1957-1962 for their studies of the structures of globular proteins Max Ferdinand Perutz
1962 Chemistry Max Ferdinand Perutz πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1957-1962 for their studies of the structures of globular proteins John Cowdery Kendrew
1962 Physiology or Medicine Francis Harry Compton Crick πŸ“ Northampton, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1957-1962 for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material James Dewey Watson, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
1962 Physiology or Medicine James Dewey Watson πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1957-1962 for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material Francis Harry Compton Crick, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
1962 Physiology or Medicine Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins πŸ“ Pongaroa, New Zealand πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1957-1962 for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson
1962 Literature John Steinbeck πŸ“ Salinas, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Pacific Grove, California 1957-1962 for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception -
1962 Peace Linus Carl Pauling πŸ“ Portland, OR, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1957-1962 for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West -
1961 Physics Robert Hofstadter πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1956-1961 for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons Rudolf Ludwig MΓΆssbauer
1961 Physics Rudolf Ludwig MΓΆssbauer πŸ“ Munich, Germany πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1956-1961 for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name Robert Hofstadter
1961 Chemistry Melvin Calvin πŸ“ St. Paul, MN, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1956-1961 for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants -
1961 Physiology or Medicine Georg von BΓ©kΓ©sy πŸ“ Budapest, Hungary πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1956-1961 for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea -
1961 Literature Ivo AndriΔ‡ πŸ“ Dolac, Bosnia πŸ”¬ Belgrade, Serbia 1956-1961 for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country -
1961 Peace Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl HammarskjΓΆld πŸ“ JΓΆnkΓΆping, Sweden πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1956-1961 for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization, capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter -
1960 Physics Donald Arthur Glaser πŸ“ Cleveland, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1955-1960 for the invention of the bubble chamber -
1960 Chemistry Willard Frank Libby πŸ“ Grand Valley, CO, USA πŸ”¬ Los Angeles, CA, USA 1955-1960 for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science -
1960 Physiology or Medicine Peter Brian Medawar πŸ“ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1955-1960 for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet
1960 Physiology or Medicine Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet πŸ“ Traralgon, Australia πŸ”¬ Melbourne, Australia 1955-1960 for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance Peter Brian Medawar
1960 Literature Saint-John Perse πŸ“ Pointe-Γ -Pitre, Guadeloupe, France πŸ”¬ Beijing, China 1955-1960 for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time -
1960 Peace Albert John Lutuli πŸ“ Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia πŸ”¬ Groutville, South Africa 1955-1960 for his non-violent struggle against apartheid -
1959 Physics Emilio Gino SegrΓ¨ πŸ“ Tivoli, Italy πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1954-1959 for their discovery of the antiproton Owen Chamberlain
1959 Physics Owen Chamberlain πŸ“ San Francisco, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1954-1959 for their discovery of the antiproton Emilio Gino SegrΓ¨
1959 Chemistry Jaroslav Heyrovsky πŸ“ Prague, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Prague, Czechoslovakia 1954-1959 for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis -
1959 Physiology or Medicine Arthur Kornberg πŸ“ Brooklyn, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1954-1959 for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid Severo Ochoa
1959 Physiology or Medicine Severo Ochoa πŸ“ Luarca, Spain πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1954-1959 for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid Arthur Kornberg
1959 Literature Salvatore Quasimodo πŸ“ Modica, Italy πŸ”¬ Milan, Italy 1954-1959 for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times -
1959 Peace Philip J. Noel-Baker πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, England 1954-1959 for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace -
1958 Physics Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm πŸ“ Vladivostok, Russia πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1953-1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect IlΒ΄ja Mikhailovich Frank, Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov
1958 Physics IlΒ΄ja Mikhailovich Frank πŸ“ Leningrad, Russia πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1953-1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm, Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov
1958 Physics Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov πŸ“ Novaya Chigla, Russia πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1953-1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm, IlΒ΄ja Mikhailovich Frank
1958 Chemistry Frederick Sanger πŸ“ Rendcombe, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1953-1958 for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin -
1958 Physiology or Medicine Edward Lawrie Tatum πŸ“ Boulder, CO, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1953-1958 for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events George Wells Beadle, Joshua Lederberg
1958 Physiology or Medicine George Wells Beadle πŸ“ Wahoo, NE, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1953-1958 for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events Edward Lawrie Tatum, Joshua Lederberg
1958 Physiology or Medicine Joshua Lederberg πŸ“ Montclair, NJ, USA πŸ”¬ Madison, WI, USA 1953-1958 for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria Edward Lawrie Tatum, George Wells Beadle
1958 Literature Boris Leonidovich Pasternak πŸ“ Moscow, Russia πŸ”¬ Peredelkino, Russia 1953-1958 for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition -
1958 Peace Georges Pire πŸ“ Dinant, Belgium πŸ”¬ Huy, Belgium 1953-1958 for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity -
1957 Physics Chen Ning Yang πŸ“ Hofei, Anhwei, China πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1952-1957 for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee
1957 Physics Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee πŸ“ Shanghai, China πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1952-1957 for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles Chen Ning Yang
1957 Chemistry Lord (Alexander R.) Todd πŸ“ Glasgow, Scotland πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1952-1957 for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes -
1957 Physiology or Medicine Daniel Bovet πŸ“ NeuchΓ’tel, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Rome, Italy 1952-1957 for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles -
1957 Literature Albert Camus πŸ“ Mondovi, French Algeria πŸ”¬ Oran, Algeria 1952-1957 for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times -
1957 Peace Lester Bowles Pearson πŸ“ Toronto, Canada πŸ”¬ Ottawa, Canada 1952-1957 for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis -
1956 Physics John Bardeen πŸ“ Madison, WI, USA πŸ”¬ Urbana, IL, USA 1951-1956 for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect Walter Houser Brattain, William Bradford Shockley
1956 Physics Walter Houser Brattain πŸ“ Amoy, China πŸ”¬ Murray Hill, NJ, USA 1951-1956 for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect John Bardeen, William Bradford Shockley
1956 Physics William Bradford Shockley πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Mountain View, CA, USA 1951-1956 for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain
1956 Chemistry Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov πŸ“ Saratov, Russia πŸ”¬ Moscow, USSR 1951-1956 for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
1956 Chemistry Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1951-1956 for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
1956 Physiology or Medicine AndrΓ© FrΓ©dΓ©ric Cournand πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1951-1956 for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system Dickinson W. Richards, Werner Forssmann
1956 Physiology or Medicine Dickinson W. Richards πŸ“ Orange, NJ, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1951-1956 for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system AndrΓ© FrΓ©dΓ©ric Cournand, Werner Forssmann
1956 Physiology or Medicine Werner Forssmann πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ Mainz, Germany 1951-1956 for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system AndrΓ© FrΓ©dΓ©ric Cournand, Dickinson W. Richards
1956 Literature Juan RamΓ³n JimΓ©nez πŸ“ Moguer, Spain πŸ”¬ Moguer, Spain 1951-1956 for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity -
1955 Physics Polykarp Kusch πŸ“ Blankenburg, Germany πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1950-1955 for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron Willis Eugene Lamb
1955 Physics Willis Eugene Lamb πŸ“ Los Angeles, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1950-1955 for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum Polykarp Kusch
1955 Chemistry Vincent du Vigneaud πŸ“ Chicago, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Ithaca, NY, USA 1950-1955 for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone -
1955 Physiology or Medicine Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell πŸ“ LinkΓΆping, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1950-1955 for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes -
1955 Literature HalldΓ³r Kiljan Laxness πŸ“ Reykjavik, Iceland πŸ”¬ ReykjavΒ’Γ­k, Iceland 1950-1955 for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland -
1954 Physics Max Born πŸ“ Breslau, Germany πŸ”¬ Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1949-1954 for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction Walther Bothe
1954 Physics Walther Bothe πŸ“ Oranienburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 1949-1954 for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith Max Born
1954 Chemistry Linus Carl Pauling πŸ“ Portland, OR, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1949-1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances -
1954 Physiology or Medicine Frederick Chapman Robbins πŸ“ Auburn, AL, USA πŸ”¬ Cleveland, OH, USA 1949-1954 for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller
1954 Physiology or Medicine John Franklin Enders πŸ“ West Hartford, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 1949-1954 for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue Frederick Chapman Robbins, Thomas Huckle Weller
1954 Physiology or Medicine Thomas Huckle Weller πŸ“ Ann Arbor, MI, USA πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 1949-1954 for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue Frederick Chapman Robbins, John Franklin Enders
1954 Literature Ernest Miller Hemingway πŸ“ Oak Park, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Havana, Cuba 1949-1954 for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea,</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style -
1954 Peace Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1949-1954 for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world -
1953 Physics Frits Zernike πŸ“ Amsterdam, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Groningen, the Netherlands 1948-1953 for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope -
1953 Chemistry Hermann Staudinger πŸ“ Worms, Germany πŸ”¬ Breisgau, Germany 1948-1953 for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry -
1953 Physiology or Medicine Fritz Albert Lipmann πŸ“ Koenigsberg, Germany πŸ”¬ Boston, MA, USA 1948-1953 for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism Hans Adolf Krebs
1953 Physiology or Medicine Hans Adolf Krebs πŸ“ Hildesheim, Germany πŸ”¬ Sheffield, United Kingdom 1948-1953 for his discovery of the citric acid cycle Fritz Albert Lipmann
1953 Literature Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill πŸ“ Woodstock, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Kent, England 1948-1953 for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values -
1953 Peace George Catlett Marshall πŸ“ Uniontown, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Leesburg, Virginia 1948-1953 for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe -
1952 Physics Edward Mills Purcell πŸ“ Taylorville, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1947-1952 for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith Felix Bloch
1952 Physics Felix Bloch πŸ“ Zurich, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Stanford, CA, USA 1947-1952 for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith Edward Mills Purcell
1952 Chemistry Archer John Porter Martin πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1947-1952 for their invention of partition chromatography Richard Laurence Millington Synge
1952 Chemistry Richard Laurence Millington Synge πŸ“ Liverpool, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Bucksburn (Scotland), United Kingdom 1947-1952 for their invention of partition chromatography Archer John Porter Martin
1952 Physiology or Medicine Selman Abraham Waksman πŸ“ Priluka, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ New Brunswick, NJ, USA 1947-1952 for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis -
1952 Literature FranΓ§ois Mauriac πŸ“ Bordeaux, France πŸ”¬ Bordeaux, France 1947-1952 for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life -
1952 Peace Albert Schweitzer πŸ“ Kaysersberg, Germany πŸ”¬ LambarΓ©nΓ©, Gabon 1947-1952 for his altruism, reverence for life, and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one -
1951 Physics Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton πŸ“ Dungarvan, Ireland πŸ”¬ Dublin, Ireland 1946-1951 for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles Sir John Douglas Cockcroft
1951 Physics Sir John Douglas Cockcroft πŸ“ Todmorden, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1946-1951 for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton
1951 Chemistry Edwin Mattison McMillan πŸ“ Redondo Beach, CA, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1946-1951 for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements Glenn Theodore Seaborg
1951 Chemistry Glenn Theodore Seaborg πŸ“ Ishpeming, MI, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1946-1951 for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements Edwin Mattison McMillan
1951 Physiology or Medicine Max Theiler πŸ“ Pretoria, South Africa πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1946-1951 for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it -
1951 Literature PΓ€r Fabian Lagerkvist πŸ“ VΓ€xjΓΆ, Sweden πŸ”¬ LidingΓΆ, Sweden 1946-1951 for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind -
1951 Peace LΓ©on Jouhaux πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1946-1951 for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations -
1950 Physics Cecil Frank Powell πŸ“ Tonbridge, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Bristol, United Kingdom 1945-1950 for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method -
1950 Chemistry Kurt Alder πŸ“ KΓΆnigshΓΌtte, Prussia πŸ”¬ Cologne, Germany 1945-1950 for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis Otto Paul Hermann Diels
1950 Chemistry Otto Paul Hermann Diels πŸ“ Hamburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Kiel, Germany 1945-1950 for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis Kurt Alder
1950 Physiology or Medicine Edward Calvin Kendall πŸ“ South Norwalk, CT, USA πŸ”¬ Rochester, MN, USA 1945-1950 for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects Philip Showalter Hench, Tadeus Reichstein
1950 Physiology or Medicine Philip Showalter Hench πŸ“ Pittsburgh, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Rochester, MN, USA 1945-1950 for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein
1950 Physiology or Medicine Tadeus Reichstein πŸ“ Wloclawek, Poland πŸ”¬ Basel, Switzerland 1945-1950 for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects Edward Calvin Kendall, Philip Showalter Hench
1950 Literature Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell πŸ“ Trelleck, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, USA 1945-1950 in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought -
1950 Peace Ralph Bunche πŸ“ Detroit, MI, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1945-1950 for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949 -
1949 Physics Hideki Yukawa πŸ“ Tokyo, Japan πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1944-1949 for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces -
1949 Chemistry William Francis Giauque πŸ“ Niagara Falls, Canada πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1944-1949 for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures -
1949 Physiology or Medicine AntΓ³nio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz πŸ“ Avanca, Portugal πŸ”¬ Lisbon, Portugal 1944-1949 for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses Walter Rudolf Hess
1949 Physiology or Medicine Walter Rudolf Hess πŸ“ Frauenfeld, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Zurich, Switzerland 1944-1949 for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs AntΓ³nio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz
1949 Literature William Faulkner πŸ“ New Albany, MS, USA πŸ”¬ Oxford, Mississippi, USA 1944-1949 for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel -
1949 Peace John Boyd Orr, Baron Boyd-Orr of Brechin Mearn πŸ“ Kilmaurs, Scotland πŸ”¬ Aberdeen, Scotland 1944-1949 for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want, thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war -
1948 Physics Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Manchester, United Kingdom 1943-1948 for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation -
1948 Chemistry Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius πŸ“ Stockholm, Sweden πŸ”¬ Uppsala, Sweden 1943-1948 for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins -
1948 Physiology or Medicine Paul Hermann MΓΌller πŸ“ Olten, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Basel, Switzerland 1943-1948 for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods -
1948 Literature Thomas Stearns Eliot πŸ“ St. Louis, MO, USA πŸ”¬ London, England 1943-1948 for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry -
1947 Physics Sir Edward Victor Appleton πŸ“ Bradford, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1942-1947 for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer -
1947 Chemistry Sir Robert Robinson πŸ“ Rufford, near Chesterfield, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1942-1947 for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids -
1947 Physiology or Medicine Bernardo Alberto Houssay πŸ“ Buenos Aires, Argentina πŸ”¬ Buenos Aires, Argentina 1942-1947 for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Theresa Cori, nΓ©e Radnitz
1947 Physiology or Medicine Carl Ferdinand Cori πŸ“ Prague, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ St. Louis, MO, USA 1942-1947 for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen Bernardo Alberto Houssay, Gerty Theresa Cori, nΓ©e Radnitz
1947 Physiology or Medicine Gerty Theresa Cori, nΓ©e Radnitz πŸ“ Prague, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ St. Louis, MO, USA 1942-1947 for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen Bernardo Alberto Houssay, Carl Ferdinand Cori
1947 Literature AndrΓ© Paul Guillaume Gide πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1942-1947 for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight -
1947 Peace American Friends Service Committee πŸ“ Philadelphia, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Philadelphia, PA, USA 1942-1947 for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering, thereby promoting the fraternity between nations Friends Service Council
1947 Peace Friends Service Council πŸ“ London, England πŸ”¬ London, England 1942-1947 for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering, thereby promoting the fraternity between nations American Friends Service Committee
1946 Physics Percy Williams Bridgman πŸ“ Cambridge, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1941-1946 for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics -
1946 Chemistry James Batcheller Sumner πŸ“ Canton, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Ithaca, NY, USA 1941-1946 for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley
1946 Chemistry John Howard Northrop πŸ“ Yonkers, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1941-1946 for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form James Batcheller Sumner, Wendell Meredith Stanley
1946 Chemistry Wendell Meredith Stanley πŸ“ Ridgeville, IN, USA πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1941-1946 for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop
1946 Physiology or Medicine Hermann Joseph Muller πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Bloomington, IN, USA 1941-1946 for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation -
1946 Literature Hermann Hesse πŸ“ Calw, Germany πŸ”¬ Montagnola, Switzerland 1941-1946 for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style -
1946 Peace Emily Greene Balch πŸ“ Jamaica Plain, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1941-1946 for her lifelong work for the cause of peace John Raleigh Mott
1946 Peace John Raleigh Mott πŸ“ Livingston Manor, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Postville, Iowa 1941-1946 for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries Emily Greene Balch
1945 Physics Wolfgang Pauli πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Princeton, NJ, USA 1940-1945 for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle -
1945 Chemistry Artturi Ilmari Virtanen πŸ“ Helsinki, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Helsinki, Finland 1940-1945 for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method -
1945 Physiology or Medicine Ernst Boris Chain πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1940-1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases Sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Howard Walter Florey
1945 Physiology or Medicine Sir Alexander Fleming πŸ“ Lochfield, Scotland πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1940-1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Howard Walter Florey
1945 Physiology or Medicine Sir Howard Walter Florey πŸ“ Adelaide, Australia πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1940-1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Alexander Fleming
1945 Literature Gabriela Mistral πŸ“ VicuΓ±a, Chile πŸ”¬ Coquimbo, Chile 1940-1945 for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world -
1945 Peace Cordell Hull πŸ“ Olympus, TN, USA πŸ”¬ Washington, D.C., USA 1940-1945 for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations -
1944 Physics Isidor Isaac Rabi πŸ“ Rymanow, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1939-1944 for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei -
1944 Chemistry Otto Hahn πŸ“ Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin-Dahlem, Germany 1939-1944 for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei -
1944 Physiology or Medicine Herbert Spencer Gasser πŸ“ Platteville, WI, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1939-1944 for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres Joseph Erlanger
1944 Physiology or Medicine Joseph Erlanger πŸ“ San Francisco, CA, USA πŸ”¬ St. Louis, MO, USA 1939-1944 for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres Herbert Spencer Gasser
1944 Literature Johannes Vilhelm Jensen πŸ“ FarsΓΈ, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1939-1944 for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style -
1944 Peace International Committee of the Red Cross πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1939-1944 for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity -
1943 Physics Otto Stern πŸ“ Sorau, Germany πŸ”¬ Pittsburgh, PA, USA 1938-1943 for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton -
1943 Chemistry George de Hevesy πŸ“ Budapest, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1938-1943 for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes -
1943 Physiology or Medicine Edward Adelbert Doisy πŸ“ Hume, IL, USA πŸ”¬ St. Louis, MO, USA 1938-1943 for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K Henrik Carl Peter Dam
1943 Physiology or Medicine Henrik Carl Peter Dam πŸ“ Copenhagen, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1938-1943 for his discovery of vitamin K Edward Adelbert Doisy
1939 Physics Ernest Orlando Lawrence πŸ“ Canton, SD, USA πŸ”¬ Berkeley, CA, USA 1934-1939 for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements -
1939 Chemistry Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt πŸ“ Bremerhaven-Lehe, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin-Dahlem, Germany 1934-1939 for his work on sex hormones Leopold Ruzicka
1939 Chemistry Leopold Ruzicka πŸ“ Vukovar, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Zurich, Switzerland 1934-1939 for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
1939 Physiology or Medicine Gerhard Domagk πŸ“ Lagow, Germany πŸ”¬ Munster, Germany 1934-1939 for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil -
1939 Literature Frans Eemil SillanpÀÀ πŸ“ HΓ€meenkyrΓΆ, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Helsinkiš, Finland 1934-1939 for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature -
1938 Physics Enrico Fermi πŸ“ Rome, Italy πŸ”¬ Rome, Italy 1933-1938 for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons -
1938 Chemistry Richard Kuhn πŸ“ Vienna, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 1933-1938 for his work on carotenoids and vitamins -
1938 Physiology or Medicine Corneille Jean FranΓ§ois Heymans πŸ“ Ghent, Belgium πŸ”¬ Ghent, Belgium 1933-1938 for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration -
1938 Literature Pearl Buck πŸ“ Hillsboro, WV, USA πŸ”¬ Nanjing, China 1933-1938 for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces -
1938 Peace Nansen International Office for Refugees πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1933-1938 for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe -
1937 Physics Clinton Joseph Davisson πŸ“ Bloomington, IL, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1932-1937 for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals George Paget Thomson
1937 Physics George Paget Thomson πŸ“ Cambridge, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1932-1937 for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals Clinton Joseph Davisson
1937 Chemistry Walter Norman Haworth πŸ“ Chorley, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Birmingham, United Kingdom 1932-1937 for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C Paul Karrer
1937 Chemistry Paul Karrer πŸ“ Moscow, Russia πŸ”¬ Zurich, Switzerland 1932-1937 for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2 Walter Norman Haworth
1937 Physiology or Medicine Albert von Szent-GyΓΆrgyi NagyrΓ‘polt πŸ“ Budapest, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Szeged, Hungary 1932-1937 for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid -
1937 Literature Roger Martin du Gard πŸ“ Neuilly-sur-Seine, France πŸ”¬ BellΓͺme, France 1932-1937 for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I> -
1937 Peace Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England 1932-1937 for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations, disarmament and peace -
1936 Physics Carl David Anderson πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1931-1936 for his discovery of the positron Victor Franz Hess
1936 Physics Victor Franz Hess πŸ“ Peggau, Austria πŸ”¬ Innsbruck, Austria 1931-1936 for his discovery of cosmic radiation Carl David Anderson
1936 Chemistry Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye πŸ“ Maastricht, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1931-1936 for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases -
1936 Physiology or Medicine Otto Loewi πŸ“ Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany πŸ”¬ Graz, Austria 1931-1936 for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses Sir Henry Hallett Dale
1936 Physiology or Medicine Sir Henry Hallett Dale πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1931-1936 for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses Otto Loewi
1936 Literature Eugene Gladstone O'Neill πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Danville, California 1931-1936 for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy -
1936 Peace Carlos Saavedra Lamas πŸ“ Buenos Aires, Argentina πŸ”¬ Buenos Aires, Argentina 1931-1936 for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933, which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935 -
1935 Physics James Chadwick πŸ“ Manchester, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Liverpool, United Kingdom 1930-1935 for the discovery of the neutron -
1935 Chemistry FrΓ©dΓ©ric Joliot πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1930-1935 in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements IrΓ¨ne Joliot-Curie
1935 Chemistry IrΓ¨ne Joliot-Curie πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1930-1935 in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements FrΓ©dΓ©ric Joliot
1935 Physiology or Medicine Hans Spemann πŸ“ Stuttgart, WΓΌrttemberg πŸ”¬ Breisgau, Germany 1930-1935 for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development -
1935 Peace Carl von Ossietzky πŸ“ Hamburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1930-1935 for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace -
1934 Chemistry Harold Clayton Urey πŸ“ Walkerton, IN, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1929-1934 for his discovery of heavy hydrogen -
1934 Physiology or Medicine George Hoyt Whipple πŸ“ Ashland, NH, USA πŸ”¬ Rochester, NY, USA 1929-1934 for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy
1934 Physiology or Medicine George Richards Minot πŸ“ Boston, MA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1929-1934 for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia George Hoyt Whipple, William Parry Murphy
1934 Physiology or Medicine William Parry Murphy πŸ“ Stoughton, WI, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1929-1934 for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot
1934 Literature Luigi Pirandello πŸ“ Agrigento, Sicily, Italy πŸ”¬ Rome, Italy 1929-1934 for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art -
1934 Peace Arthur Henderson πŸ“ Glasgow, Scotland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1929-1934 for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34 -
1933 Physics Erwin SchrΓΆdinger πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1928-1933 for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
1933 Physics Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac πŸ“ Bristol, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1928-1933 for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory Erwin SchrΓΆdinger
1933 Physiology or Medicine Thomas Hunt Morgan πŸ“ Lexington, KY, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1928-1933 for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity -
1933 Literature Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin πŸ“ Voronezh, Russia πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1928-1933 for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing -
1933 Peace Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane) πŸ“ Holbeach, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Essex, UK 1928-1933 for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace -
1932 Physics Werner Karl Heisenberg πŸ“ WΓΌrzburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Leipzig, Germany 1927-1932 for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen -
1932 Chemistry Irving Langmuir πŸ“ Brooklyn, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Schenectady, NY, USA 1927-1932 for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry -
1932 Physiology or Medicine Edgar Douglas Adrian πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1927-1932 for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons Sir Charles Scott Sherrington
1932 Physiology or Medicine Sir Charles Scott Sherrington πŸ“ London, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1927-1932 for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons Edgar Douglas Adrian
1932 Literature John Galsworthy πŸ“ Kingston Hill, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Hampstead, London, UK 1927-1932 for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I> -
1931 Chemistry Carl Bosch πŸ“ Cologne, Germany πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 1926-1931 in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods Friedrich Bergius
1931 Chemistry Friedrich Bergius πŸ“ Goldschmieden, near Breslau, Germany πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 1926-1931 in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods Carl Bosch
1931 Physiology or Medicine Otto Heinrich Warburg πŸ“ Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin-Dahlem, Germany 1926-1931 for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme -
1931 Literature Erik Axel Karlfeldt πŸ“ Karlbo, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1926-1931 The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt -
1931 Peace Jane Addams πŸ“ Cedarville, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, Illinois 1926-1931 for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind Nicholas Murray Butler
1931 Peace Nicholas Murray Butler πŸ“ Elizabeth, NJ, USA πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1926-1931 for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind Jane Addams
1930 Physics Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman πŸ“ Tiruchirappalli, India πŸ”¬ Calcutta, India 1925-1930 for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him -
1930 Chemistry Hans Fischer πŸ“ Hoechst, Germany πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1925-1930 for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin -
1930 Physiology or Medicine Karl Landsteiner πŸ“ Vienna, Austrian Empire πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1925-1930 for his discovery of human blood groups -
1930 Literature Sinclair Lewis πŸ“ Sauk Centre, MN, USA πŸ”¬ Sauk Centre, Minnesota 1925-1930 for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters -
1930 Peace Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) SΓΆderblom πŸ“ TrΓΆnΓΆ, Sweden πŸ”¬ Uppsala, Sweden 1925-1930 for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality' -
1929 Physics Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie πŸ“ Dieppe, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1924-1929 for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons -
1929 Chemistry Arthur Harden πŸ“ Manchester, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1924-1929 for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
1929 Chemistry Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin πŸ“ Augsburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1924-1929 for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes Arthur Harden
1929 Physiology or Medicine Christiaan Eijkman πŸ“ Nijkerk, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Utrecht, the Netherlands 1924-1929 for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
1929 Physiology or Medicine Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins πŸ“ Eastbourne, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1924-1929 for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins Christiaan Eijkman
1929 Literature Thomas Mann πŸ“ LΓΌbeck, Germany πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1924-1929 principally for his great novel, <I>Buddenbrooks</I>, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature -
1929 Peace Frank Billings Kellogg πŸ“ Potsdam, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA 1924-1929 for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact -
1928 Physics Owen Willans Richardson πŸ“ Dewsbury, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1923-1928 for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him -
1928 Chemistry Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ GΓΆttingen, Germany 1923-1928 for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins -
1928 Physiology or Medicine Charles Jules Henri Nicolle πŸ“ Rouen, France πŸ”¬ Tunis, Tunisia 1923-1928 for his work on typhus -
1928 Literature Sigrid Undset πŸ“ Kalundborg, Denmark πŸ”¬ Lillehammer, Norway 1923-1928 principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages -
1927 Physics Arthur Holly Compton πŸ“ Wooster, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1922-1927 for his discovery of the effect named after him Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
1927 Physics Charles Thomson Rees Wilson πŸ“ Glencorse, Scotland πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1922-1927 for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour Arthur Holly Compton
1927 Chemistry Heinrich Otto Wieland πŸ“ Pforzheim, Germany πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1922-1927 for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances -
1927 Physiology or Medicine Julius Wagner-Jauregg πŸ“ Wels, Austria πŸ”¬ Vienna, Austria 1922-1927 for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica -
1927 Literature Henri Bergson πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1922-1927 in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented -
1927 Peace Ferdinand Buisson πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1922-1927 for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation Ludwig Quidde
1927 Peace Ludwig Quidde πŸ“ Bremen, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1922-1927 for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation Ferdinand Buisson
1926 Physics Jean Baptiste Perrin πŸ“ Lille, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1921-1926 for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium -
1926 Chemistry The (Theodor) Svedberg πŸ“ FlerΓ€ng, Sweden πŸ”¬ Uppsala, Sweden 1921-1926 for his work on disperse systems -
1926 Physiology or Medicine Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger πŸ“ Silkeborg, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1921-1926 for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma -
1926 Literature Grazia Deledda πŸ“ Nuoro, Sardinia, Italy πŸ”¬ Rome, Italy 1921-1926 for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general -
1926 Peace Aristide Briand πŸ“ Nantes, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1921-1926 for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty Gustav Stresemann
1926 Peace Gustav Stresemann πŸ“ Berlin, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1921-1926 for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty Aristide Briand
1925 Physics Gustav Ludwig Hertz πŸ“ Hamburg, Germany πŸ”¬ Halle, Germany 1920-1925 for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom James Franck
1925 Physics James Franck πŸ“ Hamburg, Germany πŸ”¬ GΓΆttingen, Germany 1920-1925 for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom Gustav Ludwig Hertz
1925 Chemistry Richard Adolf Zsigmondy πŸ“ Vienna, Austrian Empire πŸ”¬ GΓΆttingen, Germany 1920-1925 for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry -
1925 Literature George Bernard Shaw πŸ“ Dublin, Ireland πŸ”¬ London, England 1920-1925 for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty -
1925 Peace Charles Gates Dawes πŸ“ Marietta, OH, USA πŸ”¬ Washington, D.C., USA 1920-1925 for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan Sir Austen Chamberlain
1925 Peace Sir Austen Chamberlain πŸ“ Birmingham, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Mayfield, East Sussex, UK 1920-1925 for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty Charles Gates Dawes
1924 Physics Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn πŸ“ Γ–rebro, Sweden πŸ”¬ Uppsala, Sweden 1919-1924 for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy -
1924 Physiology or Medicine Willem Einthoven πŸ“ Semarang, Java, Dutch East Indies πŸ”¬ Leiden, the Netherlands 1919-1924 for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram -
1924 Literature WΕ‚adysΕ‚aw StanisΕ‚aw Reymont πŸ“ Kobiele Wielkie, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Lipce, Poland 1919-1924 for his great national epic, <I>The Peasants</I> -
1923 Physics Robert Andrews Millikan πŸ“ Morrison, IL, USA πŸ”¬ Pasadena, CA, USA 1918-1923 for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect -
1923 Chemistry Fritz Pregl πŸ“ Laibach, Austria-Hungary πŸ”¬ Graz, Austria 1918-1923 for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances -
1923 Physiology or Medicine Frederick Grant Banting πŸ“ Alliston, Canada πŸ”¬ Toronto, Canada 1918-1923 for the discovery of insulin John James Rickard Macleod
1923 Physiology or Medicine John James Rickard Macleod πŸ“ Cluny, Scotland πŸ”¬ Toronto, Canada 1918-1923 for the discovery of insulin Frederick Grant Banting
1923 Literature William Butler Yeats πŸ“ Dublin, Ireland πŸ”¬ Dublin, Ireland 1918-1923 for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation -
1922 Physics Niels Henrik David Bohr πŸ“ Copenhagen, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1917-1922 for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them -
1922 Chemistry Francis William Aston πŸ“ Harborne, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1917-1922 for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule -
1922 Physiology or Medicine Archibald Vivian Hill πŸ“ Bristol, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1917-1922 for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle Otto Fritz Meyerhof
1922 Physiology or Medicine Otto Fritz Meyerhof πŸ“ Hanover, Germany πŸ”¬ Kiel, Germany 1917-1922 for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle Archibald Vivian Hill
1922 Literature Jacinto Benavente πŸ“ Madrid, Spain πŸ”¬ Madrid, Spain 1917-1922 for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama -
1922 Peace Fridtjof Nansen πŸ“ Kristiania, Norway πŸ”¬ Lysaker, Norway 1917-1922 for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war, in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees -
1921 Physics Albert Einstein πŸ“ Ulm, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1916-1921 for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect -
1921 Chemistry Frederick Soddy πŸ“ Eastbourne, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Oxford, United Kingdom 1916-1921 for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes -
1921 Literature Anatole France πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1916-1921 in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament -
1921 Peace Christian Lous Lange πŸ“ Stavanger, Norway πŸ”¬ Oslo, Norway 1916-1921 for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism Karl Hjalmar Branting
1921 Peace Karl Hjalmar Branting πŸ“ Stockholm, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1916-1921 for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism Christian Lous Lange
1920 Physics Charles Edouard Guillaume πŸ“ Fleurier, Switzerland πŸ”¬ SΓ¨vres, France 1915-1920 in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys -
1920 Chemistry Walther Hermann Nernst πŸ“ Briesen, Prussia πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1915-1920 in recognition of his work in thermochemistry -
1920 Physiology or Medicine Schack August Steenberg Krogh πŸ“ GrenΓ₯, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1915-1920 for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism -
1920 Literature Knut Pedersen Hamsun πŸ“ Lom, Norway πŸ”¬ Grimstad, Norway 1915-1920 for his monumental work, <I>Growth of the Soil</I> -
1920 Peace LΓ©on Victor Auguste Bourgeois πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1915-1920 for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations -
1919 Physics Johannes Stark πŸ“ Schickenhof, Germany πŸ”¬ Greifswald, Germany 1914-1919 for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields -
1919 Physiology or Medicine Jules Bordet πŸ“ Soignies, Belgium πŸ”¬ Brussels, Belgium 1914-1919 for his discoveries relating to immunity -
1919 Literature Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler πŸ“ Liestal, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Lucerne, Switzerland 1914-1919 in special appreciation of his epic, <I>Olympian Spring</I> -
1919 Peace Thomas Woodrow Wilson πŸ“ Staunton, VA, USA πŸ”¬ Washington, D.C., USA 1914-1919 for his role as founder of the League of Nations -
1918 Physics Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck πŸ“ Kiel, Schleswig πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1913-1918 in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta -
1918 Chemistry Fritz Haber πŸ“ Breslau, Prussia πŸ”¬ Berlin-Dahlem, Germany 1913-1918 for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements -
1917 Physics Charles Glover Barkla πŸ“ Widnes, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1912-1917 for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements -
1917 Literature Henrik Pontoppidan πŸ“ Fredericia, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1912-1917 for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark Karl Adolph Gjellerup
1917 Literature Karl Adolph Gjellerup πŸ“ Roholte, Denmark πŸ”¬ Dresden, Germany 1912-1917 for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals Henrik Pontoppidan
1917 Peace International Committee of the Red Cross πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1912-1917 for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families -
1916 Literature Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam πŸ“ Olshammar, Sweden πŸ”¬ Γ–vralid, Sweden 1911-1916 in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature -
1915 Physics William Lawrence Bragg πŸ“ Adelaide, Australia πŸ”¬ Manchester, United Kingdom 1910-1915 for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays Sir William Henry Bragg
1915 Physics Sir William Henry Bragg πŸ“ Wigton, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1910-1915 for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays William Lawrence Bragg
1915 Chemistry Richard Martin WillstΓ€tter πŸ“ Karlsruhe, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin-Dahlem, Germany 1910-1915 for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll -
1915 Literature Romain Rolland πŸ“ Clamecy, France πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1910-1915 as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings -
1914 Physics Max von Laue πŸ“ Pfaffendorf, Germany πŸ”¬ Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany 1909-1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals -
1914 Chemistry Theodore William Richards πŸ“ Germantown, PA, USA πŸ”¬ Cambridge, MA, USA 1909-1914 in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements -
1914 Physiology or Medicine Robert BΓ‘rΓ‘ny πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Vienna, Austria 1909-1914 for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus -
1913 Physics Heike Kamerlingh Onnes πŸ“ Groningen, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Leiden, the Netherlands 1908-1913 for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium -
1913 Chemistry Alfred Werner πŸ“ Mulhouse, France πŸ”¬ Zurich, Switzerland 1908-1913 in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry -
1913 Physiology or Medicine Charles Robert Richet πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1908-1913 in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis -
1913 Literature Rabindranath Tagore πŸ“ Calcutta, India πŸ”¬ Shahjadpur Upazila, Bangladesh 1908-1913 because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West -
1913 Peace Henri La Fontaine πŸ“ Brussels, Belgium πŸ”¬ Bern, Switzerland 1908-1913 for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism -
1912 Physics Nils Gustaf DalΓ©n πŸ“ Stenstorp, Sweden πŸ”¬ LidingΓΆ, Stockholm, Sweden 1907-1912 for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys -
1912 Chemistry Paul Sabatier πŸ“ Carcassonne, France πŸ”¬ Toulouse, France 1907-1912 for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years Victor Grignard
1912 Chemistry Victor Grignard πŸ“ Cherbourg, France πŸ”¬ Nancy, France 1907-1912 for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry Paul Sabatier
1912 Physiology or Medicine Alexis Carrel πŸ“ Sainte-Foy-lΓ¨s-Lyon, France πŸ”¬ New York, NY, USA 1907-1912 in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs -
1912 Literature Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann πŸ“ Bad Salzbrunn, Prussia πŸ”¬ Szklarska PorΔ™ba, Poland 1907-1912 primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art -
1912 Peace Elihu Root πŸ“ Clinton, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Washington, D.C., USA 1907-1912 for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries -
1911 Physics Wilhelm Wien πŸ“ Gaffken, East Prussia πŸ”¬ WΓΌrzburg, Germany 1906-1911 for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat -
1911 Chemistry Marie Curie, nΓ©e SkΕ‚odowska πŸ“ Warsaw, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1906-1911 in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element -
1911 Physiology or Medicine Allvar Gullstrand πŸ“ Landskrona, Sweden πŸ”¬ Uppsala, Sweden 1906-1911 for his work on the dioptrics of the eye -
1911 Literature Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck πŸ“ Ghent, Belgium πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1906-1911 in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations -
1911 Peace Alfred Hermann Fried πŸ“ Vienna, Austria πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1906-1911 for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war, namely, the anarchy in international relations Tobias Michael Carel Asser
1911 Peace Tobias Michael Carel Asser πŸ“ Amsterdam, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ The Hague, Netherlands 1906-1911 for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international, initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (ConfΓ©rences de Droit international privΓ©) at the Hague, and pioneer in the field of international legal relations Alfred Hermann Fried
1910 Physics Johannes Diderik van der Waals πŸ“ Leiden, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1905-1910 for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids -
1910 Chemistry Otto Wallach πŸ“ Koenigsberg, Germany πŸ”¬ GΓΆttingen, Germany 1905-1910 in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds -
1910 Physiology or Medicine Albrecht Kossel πŸ“ Rostock, Mecklenburg πŸ”¬ Heidelberg, Germany 1905-1910 in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances -
1910 Literature Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse πŸ“ Berlin, Prussia πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1905-1910 as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories -
1910 Peace Permanent International Peace Bureau πŸ“ Bern, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Bern, Switzerland 1905-1910 for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries, and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement -
1909 Physics Karl Ferdinand Braun πŸ“ Fulda, Hesse-Kassel πŸ”¬ Strasbourg, Germany 1904-1909 in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy Guglielmo Marconi
1909 Physics Guglielmo Marconi πŸ“ Bologna, Italy πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1904-1909 in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy Karl Ferdinand Braun
1909 Chemistry Wilhelm Ostwald πŸ“ Riga, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Leipzig, Germany 1904-1909 in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction -
1909 Physiology or Medicine Emil Theodor Kocher πŸ“ Bern, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Bern, Switzerland 1904-1909 for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland -
1909 Literature Selma Ottilia Lovisa LagerlΓΆf πŸ“ MΓ₯rbacka, Sweden πŸ”¬ MΓ₯rbacka, Sweden 1904-1909 in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings -
1909 Peace Auguste Marie FranΓ§ois Beernaert πŸ“ Ostend, Belgium πŸ”¬ The Hague, Netherlands 1904-1909 for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque
1909 Peace Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque πŸ“ La FlΓ¨che, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1904-1909 for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration Auguste Marie FranΓ§ois Beernaert
1908 Physics Gabriel Lippmann πŸ“ Hollerich, Luxembourg πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1903-1908 for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference -
1908 Chemistry Ernest Rutherford πŸ“ Nelson, New Zealand πŸ”¬ Manchester, United Kingdom 1903-1908 for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances -
1908 Physiology or Medicine Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov πŸ“ Kharkov, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1903-1908 in recognition of their work on immunity Paul Ehrlich
1908 Physiology or Medicine Paul Ehrlich πŸ“ Strehlen, Prussia πŸ”¬ GΓΆttingen, Germany 1903-1908 in recognition of their work on immunity Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
1908 Literature Rudolf Christoph Eucken πŸ“ Aurich, East Friesland πŸ”¬ Jena, Germany 1903-1908 in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life -
1908 Peace Fredrik Bajer πŸ“ NΓ¦stved, Denmark πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1903-1908 for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians, peace society leaders, orators and authors Klas Pontus Arnoldson
1908 Peace Klas Pontus Arnoldson πŸ“ Gothenburg, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1903-1908 for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians, peace society leaders, orators and authors Fredrik Bajer
1907 Physics Albert Abraham Michelson πŸ“ Strelno, Prussia πŸ”¬ Chicago, IL, USA 1902-1907 for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid -
1907 Chemistry Eduard Buchner πŸ“ Munich, Bavaria πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1902-1907 for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation -
1907 Physiology or Medicine Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1902-1907 in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases -
1907 Literature Rudyard Kipling πŸ“ Bombay, British India πŸ”¬ Burwash, England 1902-1907 in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author -
1907 Peace Ernesto Teodoro Moneta πŸ“ Milan, Austrian Empire πŸ”¬ Milan, Italy 1902-1907 for his work in the press and in peace meetings, both public and private, for an understanding between France and Italy Louis Renault
1907 Peace Louis Renault πŸ“ Autun, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1902-1907 for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences Ernesto Teodoro Moneta
1906 Physics Joseph John Thomson πŸ“ Cheetham Hill, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ Cambridge, United Kingdom 1901-1906 in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases -
1906 Chemistry Henri Moissan πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1901-1906 in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him -
1906 Physiology or Medicine Camillo Golgi πŸ“ Corteno, Italy πŸ”¬ Pavia, Italy 1901-1906 in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system Santiago RamΓ³n y Cajal
1906 Physiology or Medicine Santiago RamΓ³n y Cajal πŸ“ Petilla de AragΓ³n, Spain πŸ”¬ Madrid, Spain 1901-1906 in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system Camillo Golgi
1906 Literature GiosuΓ¨ Carducci πŸ“ Val di Castello, Tuscany πŸ”¬ Bologna, Italy 1901-1906 not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces -
1906 Peace Theodore Roosevelt Jr. πŸ“ New York, NY, USA πŸ”¬ Oyster Bay, New York 1901-1906 for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers, Japan and Russia -
1905 Physics Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard πŸ“ Pressburg, Hungary πŸ”¬ Kiel, Germany 1900-1905 for his work on cathode rays -
1905 Chemistry Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer πŸ“ Berlin, Prussia πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1900-1905 in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds -
1905 Physiology or Medicine Robert Koch πŸ“ Clausthal, Germany πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1900-1905 for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis -
1905 Literature Henryk Sienkiewicz πŸ“ Wola Okrzejska, Poland πŸ”¬ OblΔ™gorek, Poland 1900-1905 because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer -
1905 Peace Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, nΓ©e Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau πŸ“ Prague, Austrian Empire πŸ”¬ Harmannsdorf, Austria 1900-1905 for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war -
1904 Physics Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) πŸ“ Maldon, Essex, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1899-1904 for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies -
1904 Chemistry Sir William Ramsay πŸ“ Glasgow, Scotland πŸ”¬ London, United Kingdom 1899-1904 in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system -
1904 Physiology or Medicine Ivan Petrovich Pavlov πŸ“ Ryazan, Russia πŸ”¬ St. Petersburg, Russia 1899-1904 in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged -
1904 Literature FrΓ©dΓ©ric Mistral πŸ“ Maillane, France πŸ”¬ Maillane, France 1899-1904 in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist JosΓ© Echegaray y Eizaguirre
1904 Literature JosΓ© Echegaray y Eizaguirre πŸ“ Madrid, Spain πŸ”¬ Madrid, Spain 1899-1904 in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama FrΓ©dΓ©ric Mistral
1904 Peace Institute of International Law πŸ“ Ghent, Belgium πŸ”¬ Ghent, Belgium 1899-1904 for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane -
1903 Physics Antoine Henri Becquerel πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1898-1903 in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Marie Curie, nΓ©e SkΕ‚odowska, Pierre Curie
1903 Physics Marie Curie, nΓ©e SkΕ‚odowska πŸ“ Warsaw, Russian Empire πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1898-1903 in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie
1903 Physics Pierre Curie πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1898-1903 in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel Antoine Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, nΓ©e SkΕ‚odowska
1903 Chemistry Svante August Arrhenius πŸ“ Vik, Sweden πŸ”¬ Stockholm, Sweden 1898-1903 in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation -
1903 Physiology or Medicine Niels Ryberg Finsen πŸ“ Thorshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark) πŸ”¬ Copenhagen, Denmark 1898-1903 in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science -
1903 Literature BjΓΈrnstjerne Martinus BjΓΈrnson πŸ“ Kvikne, Norway πŸ”¬ Follebu, Norway 1898-1903 as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit -
1903 Peace William Randal Cremer πŸ“ Fareham, United Kingdom πŸ”¬ London, England 1898-1903 for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration -
1902 Physics Hendrik Antoon Lorentz πŸ“ Arnhem, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Leiden, the Netherlands 1897-1902 in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena Pieter Zeeman
1902 Physics Pieter Zeeman πŸ“ Zonnemaire, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1897-1902 in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
1902 Chemistry Hermann Emil Fischer πŸ“ Euskirchen, Prussia πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1897-1902 in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses -
1902 Physiology or Medicine Ronald Ross πŸ“ Almora, India πŸ”¬ Liverpool, United Kingdom 1897-1902 for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it -
1902 Literature Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen πŸ“ Garding, Schleswig πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1897-1902 the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, <I>A history of Rome</I> -
1902 Peace Charles Albert Gobat πŸ“ Tramelan, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Bern, Switzerland 1897-1902 for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Γ‰lie Ducommun
1902 Peace Γ‰lie Ducommun πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Bern, Switzerland 1897-1902 for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau Charles Albert Gobat
1901 Physics Wilhelm Conrad RΓΆntgen πŸ“ Lennep, Prussia πŸ”¬ Munich, Germany 1896-1901 in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him -
1901 Chemistry Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff πŸ“ Rotterdam, the Netherlands πŸ”¬ Berlin, Germany 1896-1901 in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions -
1901 Physiology or Medicine Emil Adolf von Behring πŸ“ Hansdorf, Prussia πŸ”¬ Marburg, Germany 1896-1901 for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths -
1901 Literature Sully Prudhomme πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1896-1901 in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect -
1901 Peace FrΓ©dΓ©ric Passy πŸ“ Paris, France πŸ”¬ Paris, France 1896-1901 for his lifelong work for international peace conferences, diplomacy and arbitration Jean Henry Dunant
1901 Peace Jean Henry Dunant πŸ“ Geneva, Switzerland πŸ”¬ Geneva, Switzerland 1896-1901 for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding FrΓ©dΓ©ric Passy