The industrial genealogy of scientific supercomputing. CDC invented the supercomputer, Cray dominated two decades, Thinking Machines pioneered massively parallel architectures, and NVIDIA's GPU revolution reshaped what science can compute — alongside a wave of 1980s–90s "mini-supercomputer" and MPP challengers (Convex, Alliant, Kendall Square Research, MasPar, nCUBE, Meiko) that didn't survive but shaped the architectures that did. Lines show machine succession within each company; the dashed diagonal marks Seymour Cray's departure from CDC in 1972 to found his own firm. Hover any machine for details.