Columns run from lowest to highest abstraction: Assembly · Systems · Scientific · Structured · Object-Oriented · Scripting · Functional · Declarative. ALGOL 60's block structure is the hidden ancestor of C, Java, Python, and almost every language in use today. Fortran (1957) proved a compiler could match hand-written assembly — and made scientific computing possible. Solid lines = direct design succession; dashed = architectural influence. Hover any node for details.